Miller, SL (English spelling) MillerSL

Japanese: Miller,S.L.(英語表記)MillerSL
Miller, SL (English spelling) MillerSL


[Amino acids and chemical evolution]
Amino acids are the basic substances that make up living organisms, so when they are found in meteorites, they become a hot topic as they are a sign of life in space. In 1953, SLMiller announced that he had obtained amino acids such as glycine and alanine by discharging electricity in a mixture of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor. This indicates the possibility that amino acids could have been produced inorganically from the primordial gases on ancient Earth, and is famous as a model of the chemical evolution that preceded the emergence of life.

From [Chemical Evolution]

… The idea of ​​chemical evolution as the first stage of the evolution of life began to appear in the early 20th century and was established by A.I. Oparin (1924, 1936) and J.B.S. Haldane (1929). The first simulation experiment was performed by S.L. Miller (1953), who estimated the composition of the atmosphere in the primordial state and succeeded in producing simple amino acids by spark discharge in a flask containing a mixture of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, and water vapor equivalent to the composition of the atmosphere. Enzymatic metabolism and genetic replication, which are the basis of life phenomena, have developed and been integrated around proteins and nucleic acids, respectively. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Miller, SL" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[アミノ酸と化学進化]
 アミノ酸は生物を構成する基本的物質であるから,隕石の中にアミノ酸が見つかると宇宙生命の痕跡を示すものとして話題になる。1953年にミラーS.L.Millerはメタン,アンモニア,水素,水蒸気の混合気体中で放電を行ったところ,グリシン,アラニンなどのアミノ酸が得られたと発表した。これは,太古の地球上の原始気体から無機的にアミノ酸が生じえたという可能性を示すもので,生命発生の前段階の化学進化のモデルとして有名である。…

【化学進化】より

… 生命の進化の最初の段階としての化学進化という考えは,20世紀初頭に現れはじめ,A.I.オパーリン(1924,1936)やJ.B.S.ホールデン(1929)により確立された。最初のシミュレーション実験はミラーS.L.Miller(1953)によるもので,彼は始原状態における大気の組成を推定し,それに相当するメタン,水素,アンモニア,水蒸気の混合ガスを入れたフラスコ内で火花放電をさせ,簡単なアミノ酸をつくりだすことに成功した。 生命現象の基本である酵素的代謝と遺伝的複製とは,それぞれタンパク質と核酸を中心として発展し,統合されてきた。…

※「Miller,S.L.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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