Arhat - Rakan

Japanese: 羅漢 - らかん

An abbreviation of Arhat (transliteration of arhat). Translated as Ougu. Means a person worthy of offerings and respect. Depicted as a monk with shaved head and wearing a robe. In China and Japan, it refers to a group of Buddhist practitioners, such as the Sixteen Arhats, the Eighteen Arhats, and the Five Hundred Arhats, and many were produced as Zen Buddhism spread. The belief in the Sixteen Arhats and the Arhat paintings began in China during the Tang dynasty, and in the Five Dynasties Kankyu was known as a master of the art and they became widespread. In Japan, there are many relics from China, such as copies of the originals, and they flourished especially after the Kamakura period. Famous examples of arhat sculptures include the Sixteen Arhat Statues (c. 1628) at Nanzen-ji Temple in Kyoto, the Arhat Statue (88-95) at Rakan-ji Temple in Tokyo, the 11th century Arhat Paintings in the Tokyo National Museum which is said to be of Tang dynasty origin, and the Seiryoji version which is said to have been brought from Song by Chosen.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

阿羅漢 (arhatの音写) の略称。応供 (おうぐ) と訳される。供養と尊敬を受けるに値する人の意。剃髪し，袈裟を着た僧形に表わされる。中国，日本では十六羅漢，十八羅漢，五百羅漢のように仏道修行者の群れをさし，禅宗の流通に伴って多数制作された。十六羅漢の信仰と羅漢図は中国，唐代に始り，五代には貫休がその名手として知られ，流布した。日本では中国からの将来品やその転写などの遺品が多く，特に鎌倉時代以降隆盛をみた。羅漢の彫像では京都南禅寺の『十六羅漢像』 (1628頃) ，東京羅漢寺の『羅漢像』 (88～95) ，画像では唐の系統をひくとされる 11世紀の東京国立博物館蔵の『十六羅漢図』，奝然 (ちょうねん) が宋から伝えたという清涼寺本などが有名。

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