Johan Barthold Jongkind

Dutch landscape painter. Born near Rotterdam as the son of a tax collector, he initially worked at a notary's office. After attending art school in The Hague, he trained in the studio of Louis E. Isabey (1804-1886), a marine landscape painter, from 1846 to 1853 in Paris. He made friends with Barbizon painters and traveled to Normandy and Brittany, before returning to the Netherlands in 1855 and painting seaside and harbor landscapes that captured the emotional atmosphere. He stayed in Paris again from 1860 to 1870, making sketching trips to various places, and becoming friends with Boudin, a painter of marine landscapes. He excelled in watercolors with an intuitive and light touch, and was strongly influenced by Corot, Bonington, and Isabey in his early days, but his work from the 1850s onwards is considered to have anticipated the Impressionists. He died in a psychiatric hospital in Saint-André, near Grenoble, due to mental disorders caused by excessive drinking. His representative works include "The Port of Rotterdam" (1856, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam).

[Taro Nomura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

オランダの風景画家。ロッテルダム近郊に徴税官の息子として生まれ、初め公証人役場で働く。ハーグの美術学校を経て1846～1853年パリの海洋風景画家イザベイLouis E. Isabey（1804―1886）のアトリエで修行。バルビゾン派の画家たちと交わり、ノルマンディー、ブルターニュを旅行後、1855年帰国し、情感的な雰囲気をとらえた海浜、港湾風景を描く。1860～1870年ふたたびパリに滞在し、各地にスケッチ旅行を試み、海洋風景を描く画家ブーダンと親交を結ぶ。直観的で軽妙なタッチによる水彩画にとくに優れ、初期にはコロー、ボニントン、イザベイの影響が強いが、1850年代以後の制作では印象派を先取りすると評価される。過度の飲酒による精神障害のためグルノーブル近郊サンタンドレの精神科病院で死去。代表作は『ロッテルダムの港』（1856・アムステルダム市立美術館）など。

［野村太郎］

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