Yao Dòng (English spelling)

Japanese: 窰洞 - ようどう（英語表記）yáo dòng

Cave dwellings dug into steep walls are found in the North China, Central Plains, and Northwest regions of China. They are also known by their Chinese pronunciation, Yaodong. They make good use of the loess soil, which is hard to crumble, and have the advantage of being cool in summer and warm in winter. Historically, there are examples of excavations from the Yangshao culture, and they are already described as a regional form of dwelling in documents from the Song and Ming dynasties. They are mainly found in eastern Gansu, northern Shaanxi, and western Henan, but are also found in central Shanxi, northwestern Hebei, and southwestern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国の華北，中原，西北地方などに見られる，切り立った壁面に掘って作る横穴式住居。中国音の〈ヤオトン〉でも知られる。黄土層の崩れにくい土質を巧みに利用し，夏涼しく冬暖かい利点がある。歴史的にも古く仰韶（ぎようしよう）文化の発掘例があり，宋代や明代の文献にもすでに地方的な住居形式として記述されている。甘粛省東部，陝西省北部，河南省西部が主要な分布地域で，このほか山西省中部，河北省北西部，内モンゴル自治区南西等にも分布する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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