A real right under the German Civil Code (Arts. 1030, 1, 1068, 1) that allows a person to obtain benefits from the property or rights of another person without making any changes to them. For example, a person who has been granted a usufruct on another person's land can cultivate the land and harvest crops (natural fruits), rent the land and collect rent (legal fruits), and even use the land as a parking lot. When a usufruct is granted on shares, the usufructuary can receive dividends. Usufructs are personal rights and cannot be transferred or inherited (Arts. 1059, 1061). Usufructs are often granted between husband and wife to support the surviving spouse, to be supported by the transferor of farmland, or as security for a claim. In Japan, the old Civil Code also provided for this, following the example of Germany and France, but the current Civil Code does not recognize this. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
他人の物または権利に変更を加えることなく,それらから利益を収取しうるドイツ民法上の物権 (1030条1項,1068条1項) 。たとえば,他人の土地について用益権の設定を受けた者は,その土地を耕作して農作物 (天然果実) を収穫することも,またその土地を使用賃貸して賃料 (法定果実) を収取することも,さらに,その土地を駐車場として使用することもできる。株式について用益権が設定されたときには,用益権者が利益配当を受けることができる。用益権は一身専属権であって,譲渡または相続の対象となりえない (1059,1061条) 。用益権は,夫婦間で生存配偶者を扶養するため,農地の譲渡人が譲渡した農地から扶養を受けるため,あるいは債権担保の目的などで設定されることが多い。日本でも,旧民法ではドイツ,フランスなどにならって,これを規定したが,現民法はこれを認めていない。
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