Humor - yum (English spelling) humor(u)r

Japanese: ユーモア - ゆーもあ(英語表記)humo(u)r
Humor - yum (English spelling) humor(u)r

It refers to the mental attitude of grasping and expressing the humor of human behavior and other real events, or the humor itself expressed in them. It originally comes from humor (Latin), a classical medical term in Western Europe since ancient Greece, meaning bodily fluids. Four types of bodily fluids flow in the human body: blood, mucus, yellow bile, and black bile, and it was said that a person's nature and constitution are determined by the degree of mixing of these. In modern times, it gradually came to be used to mean temperament, mood, especially a temperament that tends toward humor and playfulness, and from there the current meaning was born. As can be seen from the fact that some modern Western languages, such as French and German, use this word in a form that has been passed down through English, humor is considered to be a characteristic that corresponds to the mentality characteristic of modern Britain.

Humor has an emotional tolerance character that includes sympathy and pity for the people it is aimed at, and in this respect it contrasts with the aggressiveness of satire, and also differs from wit, which is an intellectual ability such as wit and esprit (French). Even in the case of humor, it is not that the person does not look at the reality full of contradictions and absurdities through the eyes of a sharp observer of humanity. However, they do not show this fact, but rather have an attitude that seems to accept it as it is, as it is the fate of imperfect humans, and have a heart that sympathizes with the appearance of humans who are forced to behave foolishly against their will, which is where the unique humor is born.

In Japan, in the early Meiji period, it was sometimes translated as "gigyaku" (humor) or "haishu" (poetry), but after Shoyo Tsubouchi started using the term "humor," which does not match the original English pronunciation (humor), this term gradually became established. The humor that looks at this world of joys and sorrows from a kind of resignation and depicts it with a human touch that makes you laugh and cry can be said to have something in common with the traditional Japanese sense of humor.

[Iida Toshiho]

[Reference] | Wit | Esprit

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人間の行動その他の現実の事象に対してそれをおかしみの面からとらえ、表現しようとする精神態度、ないしはそこに表現された滑稽(こっけい)さそのものをさす。もとは古代ギリシア以来の西欧の古典的医学用語で体液を意味するフモールhumor(ラテン語)に由来する。人間の体内には血液、粘液、黄胆汁(おうたんじゅう)、黒胆汁の4種の体液が流れており、これらの混合の度合いによって人間の性質や体質が決定されるとされた。近代になってしだいに気質、気分、とくに滑稽さやおどけへの傾向性のある気質の意味で使われるようになり、そこから現在の意味が生じた。現代の西欧諸言語のなかにもフランス語やドイツ語のように、これを英語を経由した形で使用しているものがあることからもわかるとおり、ユーモアは近代イギリスに特徴的な精神性に対応した特質と考えられている。

 ユーモアはその対象となる人間等に対する同情、哀れみを含んだ情的寛容的性格を有し、この点で風刺の攻撃性とは対照的であり、またウイットwitやエスプリesprit(フランス語)のようなもっぱら理知的性格の能力である機知とも異なっている。ユーモアの場合でも、矛盾と不条理に満ちた現実を、鋭い人間観察の目を通して見つめていないのではない。しかしそのことを表に出さず、むしろ不完全な人間に宿命的なものとしてそのまま肯定するような態度で、愚かしきふるまいを本意ならずも演じざるをえない人間の姿を慈しむ心をもったものであり、そこに独特の滑稽さが生まれる。

 日本では明治初期、戯謔(ぎぎゃく)とか俳趣といった訳語があてられたりしたこともあったが、英語本来の発音(ヒューマー)とはあわない「ユーモア」という呼び方が坪内逍遙(しょうよう)によって使い始められてから、これがしだいに定着していった。悲喜こもごものこの世界を一種の諦観(ていかん)にたって眺め、泣き笑いを催させるような人情味を添えて描き出すユーモアは、日本人の伝統的な滑稽感覚とも相通ずるところがあるといえよう。

[飯田年穂]

[参照項目] | ウイット | エスプリ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Yuya [town] - Yuya

>>:  Dream Story - Yume Monogatari

Recommend

Australian National University - Australian National University

A national, coeducational university in Canberra, ...

Word formation - Gokeisei (English spelling) word formation

The formation of a word from two or more morphemes...

Land register - Tochigi Prefecture

A book that clarifies the status of land and recor...

Electric heating

A heating method that utilizes the principle of he...

Georg Weerth

1822‐56 German author. While helping edit the Köln...

Dromaiidae

…a bird of the Dromaiidae family (illustration). ...

Odor prevention technology

...Odor control measures must be implemented thor...

India - Indo (English spelling) India English

Overview India is a constitutional democratic rep...

Enderby Land

A land mass that juts out to the north between Shi...

Iga (Clothes Moth) - Iga

A species of the family Tineidae in the order Lepi...

Wash-out

…The angle of attack is usually different from th...

Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language

…Webster's status was not shaken by the appea...

Kaiseki Sada

A monk and nationalist in the early Meiji period....

Tempered glass - Kyokagarasu (English spelling) tempered glass

Glass that has been tempered or surface treated t...

streak camera

...Using the Schlieren technique, shock waves in ...