It refers to a country achieving partial or total self-sufficiency through domestic production of products that it had previously imported from abroad. After World War II, many developing countries attempted to achieve industrialization through import substitution. In other words, they isolated the domestic market for industrial products from foreign competition through tariffs and quantitative restrictions on imports, while providing various subsidy measures to foster domestic industry. Import substitution was adopted as an industrialization strategy because it was clear from the start that a certain domestic demand would exist for previously imported products, and it was also thought that it would be relatively easy to supply them domestically. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ある国が従来外国から輸入していた製品を,国内生産によって部分的ないし全面的に自給化することをいう。第2次大戦後,多くの発展途上諸国は輸入代替によって工業化を達成しようとした。すなわち,関税や輸入の量的制限を通じて工業製品の国内市場を海外の競争から隔離するとともに,種々の助成措置を施して国内工業の育成をはかったのである。このように,輸入代替が工業化戦略として採用されたのは,従来の輸入品であれば当初から一定の国内需要が存在することが明らかであり,またその国内供給も比較的容易であると考えられたからである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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