This refers to plants that are useful to human life in terms of food, clothing, and shelter. They are most commonly used for food, but there are also many that are used as raw materials for housing and clothing, as fuel, for medicinal purposes, and for decorative purposes. It is said that there are tens of thousands of useful plants that are of material and spiritual use to human life. Useful plants were first collected and used instinctively and through experience in the wild, and eventually those with particularly high utility value began to be cultivated. Useful plants are used in a variety of ways, but here are some of the main ones. The names of representative plants are in parentheses. (1) Edible plants (rice, soybeans, etc.), (2) Spice plants (pepper, chili pepper, etc.), (3) Medicinal plants (poppy, ginseng, etc.), (4) Fiber plants (hemp, flax, etc.), (5) Recreational plants (coffee tree, tobacco, etc.), (6) Dye plants (indigo blue, Japanese laurel, etc.), (7) Materials for housing, furniture, etc. (oak, cypress, etc.), (8) Feed plants (corn, sweet potato, etc.). Other useful plants include urushi, which is used as a paint for lacquerware, and the rubber tree, which is the raw material for elastic rubber. Ornamental horticultural plants can also be considered useful plants. Generally, useful plants are often used for multiple purposes. [Akiko Sugiyama] "Takasaki Shiro et al., "Useful Plants Standard Primary Color Illustrated Collection 13" (1971, Hoikusha)" ▽ "Tanaka Yoshio et al., "Useful Plants Illustrated" (1982, Kagaku Shoin)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
衣食住において人間生活に役だつ植物をいう。もっとも多く利用されるのは食用としてであるが、住居、衣服の原材料や燃料、薬用、観賞用とされるものも数多い。このように人間生活に対して物質的、精神的に役だつ有用植物は数万種にも及ぶといわれる。有用植物は、まず本能的、経験的に野生のものを採集、利用することに始まり、やがて、とくに利用価値の高いものが栽培されるようになった。有用植物の利用法はさまざまであるが、おもなものをあげてみる。括弧(かっこ)内は代表的な植物名。 〔1〕食用植物(イネ、ダイズなど)、〔2〕香辛料植物(コショウ、トウガラシなど)、〔3〕薬用植物(ケシ、チョウセンニンジンなど)、〔4〕繊維植物(アサ、アマなど)、〔5〕嗜好(しこう)植物(コーヒーノキ、タバコなど)、〔6〕染料植物(アイ、コマツナギなど)、〔7〕住居、家具等の用材(カシ、ヒノキなど)、〔8〕飼料植物(トウモロコシ、サツマイモなど)。このほか、漆器の塗料とされるウルシ、弾性ゴムの原料となるパラゴムノキなども有用植物である。また、観賞用の園芸植物も有用植物といえる。一般に有用植物にあっては、それぞれの種が多目的に利用されることが多い。 [杉山明子] 『高崎四郎他著『有用植物 標準原色図鑑全集13』(1971・保育社)』▽『田中芳男他編『有用植物図説』(1982・科学書院)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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