The Miura Rebellion (English: Samp'o waeran; Sam-pho ǔi Nan

Japanese: 三浦の乱 - さんぽのらん（英語表記）Samp'o waeran; Sam-pho ǔi Nan

A riot by Japanese residents that occurred in the three ports of Korea (Seiho, Fuzanpo, and Enpo) in the 5th year of the reign of Jungjong (1510). It is also known as the Gengo Wahen. Prior to this, the Joseon dynasty (Yi dynasty) had strengthened its coastal defenses to prepare for the wako pirates, and had taken measures to destroy them, such as appeasement and military subjugation, while also sending envoys to Japan to request the suppression of the wako. In Japan, the Muromachi shogunate's control was strengthened, and powerful shugo and clans in the western provinces made efforts to suppress the wako pirates and to repatriate Korean prisoners who had been abducted by them. Thus, trade relations were established between the Joseon dynasty, the shogunate, and feudal lords in the western provinces, and mutual exchange of envoys became frequent. Korea allowed Japanese trade only in Naepo (now Kumcheon-myeon, Changwon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do), Toyama-po (now Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do), and Yeoppo (now Ulsan, Gyeongsangnam-do), and established Wakan (Japanese military bases). The Japanese who lived in the three areas were called Kokyowa (Japanese colonialists). In 1436, 60 households were allowed to live there, but by the end of the 15th century, the number had risen to 347 households and 2,500 people in Naepo, 147 households and 453 people in Toyama-po, and 51 households and 152 people in Yeoppo. As their numbers gradually increased, violations and delinquencies, such as smuggling, became more and more common. The Joseon Dynasty was suffering from one-sided trade and a lack of national funds, and when Jungjong ascended to the throne, he imposed strict controls on Japanese trade and restricted the residence rights of Kokyowa as part of his political reforms. Enraged by this, the Kokyo Wa rebelled with the support of several hundred warships from Tsushima, but were defeated by the overwhelming military power of Korea. As a result, trade relations between Japan and Korea were severed. Two years later, the Jinshin Treaty was signed and diplomatic relations were restored, but they were limited to the port of Nechiura, the annual dispatch of ships and rice gifts were reduced, and the Kokyo Wa were not recognized.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中宗5 (1510) 年，朝鮮の三浦 (薺浦〈せいほ〉，富山浦〈ふざんぽ〉，塩浦〈えんぽ〉) に起った日本人居留民の暴動事件。庚午の倭変ともいう。これより前，朝鮮王朝 (李朝) は海防を強化して倭寇にそなえ，懐柔や武力討伐などの倭寇壊滅策をとる一方，日本に使臣を送り倭寇禁圧を要請した。日本でも室町幕府の統制が強まり，西国の有力守護や豪族などが倭寇禁圧と倭寇に拉致された朝鮮人捕虜の送還に努力した。こうして朝鮮王朝と幕府，西国の封建領主間に交易関係が結ばれ，使節の相互往来も盛んとなった。朝鮮は薺浦 (現慶尚南道昌原郡熊川面) ，富山浦 (現慶尚南道釜山市) ，塩浦 (現慶尚南道蔚山市) に限定して日本人の貿易を許し，倭館を設けた。三浦に住む日本人は恒居倭 (こうきょわ) と呼ばれ，世宗 18 (1436) 年に 60戸の居住が許されたが，15世紀末には薺浦 347戸，2500名，富山浦 147戸，453名，塩浦 51戸，152名に達した。その人数が次第に増加するにつれて，密貿易など違反，非行者が続出した。片貿易や国庫の欠亡に苦しむ朝鮮王朝では中宗が即位すると諸政改革の一環として，日本貿易にも厳重な統制を加え，恒居倭の居住権も制限した。これに憤慨した恒居倭は，対馬からの兵船数百隻の応援を得て反乱を起したが，朝鮮の圧倒的な軍事力の前に敗退。その結果，日朝間の通交貿易関係は断絶した。2年後に壬申条約が結ばれ修交関係の復活をみたが，薺浦1港に限られ，歳遣船，歳賜米も減少し，恒居倭は認められなかった。

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