Yamato dolls - Yamato dolls

Japanese: やまと人形 - やまとにんぎょう
Yamato dolls - Yamato dolls

A Japanese doll in the form of a child, with bendable limbs and clothes that can be removed or put on. It is also written as Yamato doll. The hair is cut in a bob and the clothes are modern (Japanese clothes). The head, torso, limbs, and so on are often made of paste (paulownia sawdust kneaded with wheat gluten paste).

This doll-making technique is a continuation of the naked dolls, checkered dolls, and three-fold dolls made in the Edo period, and has long been loved as playmates for young girls. Naked dolls, which have been popular with children since the early Edo period, are often in the form of young girls around 5 or 6 years old, and kimonos are sewn at home to dress them. Ichimatsu dolls are costumed dolls made in imitation of Sanogawa Ichimatsu, a popular young man actor of the Edo period. Three-fold dolls are made so that the waist, kneecaps, and ankles can be bent so that they can sit, and are around 20 to 60 centimeters in size. They were created by a doll maker in Kyoto during the Edo period.

In 1927 (Showa 2), when the United States sent 12,000 girl dolls as a gift for international friendship, Japan sent 50 Yamato dolls, each about 80 centimeters long, in furisode kimono, to the United States as a return gift, and they served as doll envoys. This type of doll was called by various names, so in April 1935, in order to find a standard name for the child dolls among the Japanese dolls, the Japanese Doll Research Association proposed the name "Yamato dolls," which has been used nationwide ever since. Conventional Japanese dolls had a defect that made it impossible to remove dirt from the skin, but in early 1937, a paint for dolls was invented that was stain-resistant and could be wiped off if it got dirty. Most Yamato dolls were painted with this new paint and were ushered in a new era. However, after World War II, with the overwhelming advance of Western dolls, they are rarely seen anymore. One reason for this is that the number of makers of this type of doll has drastically decreased because the production of these dolls does not rely on machines, but is done by hand by applying whitewash to the dough (kiji), cutting out the eyes, painting the face, and attaching the hair. Nowadays, they can only be seen during the Hinamatsuri season in March or in some doll specialty stores.

[Ryosuke Saito]

[Reference] | Doll

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

手足を折り曲げることができ、衣装を脱がせたり着せたりできる、子供姿の日本人形。大和人形とも書く。髪はおかっぱで衣装は現代風俗(和服)のものが着せられている。頭や胴、手足は練り物製(桐(きり)のおがくずを生麩糊(しょうふのり)で練ったもの)が多い。

 この人形作りの技法は江戸時代の裸人形、市松(いちま)人形、三つ折れ人形などの流れを受けたもので、古くから少女たちの遊び相手として愛好された。江戸初期から子供たちに親しまれた裸人形は、5、6歳くらいの幼女姿が多く、家庭で着物を縫って着せる。市松人形は、江戸時代の若衆形人気俳優佐野川市松(いちまつ)に模してつくられた衣装人形。三つ折れ人形は、腰、膝頭(ひざがしら)、足首が折れ曲がって座れるようにつくられ、20センチメートルから60センチメートルくらいのもの。江戸時代、京の人形師によって創始された。

 1927年(昭和2)、国際親善のためアメリカから少女人形1万2000体が贈られてきた際、日本からは答礼として約80センチメートルの振袖(ふりそで)姿のやまと人形50体が渡米、人形使節の役を果たした。この種の人形はさまざまな名でよばれていたので、1935年4月、日本人形のなかの子供人形に標準的な名称をつける必要から、日本人形研究会の主唱で「やまと人形」という名称が選定され、以後全国的に使われている。なお、従来の日本人形は肌が汚れても除くことができない欠陥があったが、1937年の初め、汚れにくく、汚れたらふき取ることのできる塗料人形液が考案された。やまと人形の大部分がこの新塗装を用いて新時代に迎えられた。しかし第二次世界大戦後は西洋人形の圧倒的な進出で、ほとんど姿がみられなくなっている。一つにはこの種の人形の製作が機械に頼らず、練り物の生地(きじ)に胡粉(ごふん)を塗り、目を切り出し、面相を描き、髪を植えて仕上げる手作りのため、製作者が激減したことも原因になっている。現在では3月の雛(ひな)節供シーズンや一部の人形専門店などでみかけられる程度である。

[斎藤良輔]

[参照項目] | 人形

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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