It is the capital of the Hérault department in southern France. It is located 164 km northwest of Marseille, on a hill on the banks of the Les River. It has a population of 225,392 (1999). It was once a seaport city facing the Mediterranean Sea, but the port lost its function due to the alluvial action of the river. It has developed as an administrative and commercial city, with wine and brandy trade being particularly important. In addition to textiles, steel, chemicals, and food, in recent years electrical and electronics industries have become popular. Under the old system, it was the central city of the Lower Languedoc region, and has a strong cultural character, with a university founded in 1289, the oldest botanical garden in France, the Fabre Museum, and the cathedral of Saint-Pierre. It is also developing as a tourist destination due to the development of the coast of the Languedoc region. It is the birthplace of the positivist philosopher Comte. [Nobuyoshi Aoki] historyThe town was established as a base for the Mediterranean spice trade with the Orient, and in the 10th century, it formed the twin towns of Montpellier and Montpellierre, and belonged to the Bishopric of Magronne. It was absorbed into the Kingdom of Aragon in the early 13th century, but was incorporated into the Kingdom of France in the 14th century. In 1289, the University of Montpellier, which has the oldest medical school in Europe, was founded, and it developed as a university town. Among those who studied here are the humanist Petrarch and the politician Mazarin, and the medical and humanities scholar Rabelais as a professor. In 1593, the first botanical garden in France was opened, and the city became a city with a great cultural environment. During the religious wars of the 16th century, it became a base for the Huguenots, and even after the Royal Decree of Nantes, it put up a fierce resistance, but in 1622 it was besieged by the royal army of Louis XIII and surrendered. Its walls were demolished, and instead it became a regional base for the monarchy, as the residence of the local inspector, Entendant, who was directly subordinate to the royal government in Paris. [Haruo Chiba] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス南部、エロー県の県都。マルセイユの北西164キロメートル、レズ川河畔の丘陵上に位置する。人口22万5392(1999)。かつて地中海に臨む海港都市であったが、港は川の沖積作用でその機能を失った。行政・商業都市として発達しているが、とくにワイン、ブランデーの取引が重要である。また繊維、製鉄、化学、食料品に加えて、近年は電気、電子などの工業が盛んである。旧制度下では下ラングドック地方の中心都市で、1289年創立の大学や、フランス最古の植物園、ファーブル美術館、司教座教会サン・ピエール大聖堂などがあり、文化都市としての性格が強い。また、ラングドック地方の海岸の整備事業により、観光地としても発展している。実証主義哲学者コントの生誕地。 [青木伸好] 歴史オリエントとの地中海香料交易の拠点として開かれた町で、10世紀には、モンペリエとモンペリエレの双子町を形成し、マグロンヌ司教領に属した。13世紀初めにアラゴン王国に吸収されたが、14世紀にはフランス王国に編入された。1289年、ヨーロッパ最古の医学部をもつモンペリエ大学が創立され、大学都市として発展した。ここに学んだ者のなかに人文主義者ペトラルカ、政治家マザラン、また教授に医学・人文学者ラブレーの名をみることができる。1593年にフランス最初の植物園も開かれ、文化的環境に優れた都市となった。16世紀の宗教戦争時代にはユグノーの拠点となり、ナントの王令以降も激しく抵抗したが、1622年ルイ13世の国王軍に攻囲され屈した。その城壁は取り壊され、逆にパリの国王政府に直属する地方監察官アンタンダンの居住地として王政の地方拠点となった。 [千葉治男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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