Prison of letters - Moji no Goku

Writer's crimes in China. Since the unification of the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.), they have been seen in successive dynasties, but the most famous are the imprisonments during the reigns of the fourth Qing Emperor Kangxi (reigned 1661-1722), the fifth Yongzheng Emperor (reigned 1722-35), and the sixth Qianlong Emperor (reigned 1735-95). For this reason, the term generally refers to incidents from the Qing dynasty. The fact that they are concentrated during the height of the Qing dynasty indicates that the Qing, a dynasty of a different ethnic group, strongly promoted ideological control over barbarian ideas in China from an ethnic standpoint during this period. There are many examples, such as the Zhuangting's Ming History Manuscript Incident that occurred in 1661 and concluded in 1663, Dai Mingshi's Nanshan Collection Incident that occurred in 1711 and concluded in 1713, Cha Siting's Test Essay Incident in 1726, and Xu Shukui's Yizhurou Poetry Draft Incident in 1778, but the number of incidents was particularly high during the Qianlong period. A collection of related historical materials is available in the "Qing Dynasty Text Prison Files."

[Takao Ishibashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の筆禍事件。秦(しん)の統一（前221）以来、歴代王朝にみられるが、とくに清(しん)朝の第4代康煕(こうき)帝（在位1661～1722）、第5代雍正(ようせい)帝（在位1722～35）、第6代乾隆(けんりゅう)帝（在位1735～95）時代の獄が有名。このため一般には、清代の事件をさす。清朝の盛時に集中していることは、異民族王朝である清が、民族的立場から中国の夷狄(いてき)思想に対する思想統制を、この時期に強く推進したことを示す。1661年に起きて63年に終結した荘廷(そうていろう)の明(みん)史稿事件、1711年に起きて13年に終結した戴名世(たいめいせい)の南山集案事件、1726年に起きた査嗣庭(さしてい)の試題案事件、1778年に起きた徐述夔(じょじゅつき)の一柱楼(いっちゅうろう)詩案事件など多くの例をみるが、発生件数は乾隆年間に著しい。関係史料を集めたものに『清代文字獄檔(もんじごくとう)』がある。

［石橋崇雄］

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