Fourth Class - Daiyon Kaikyu

Japanese: 第四階級 - だいよんかいきゅう
Fourth Class - Daiyon Kaikyu

A translation of the English phrase "the Fourth Estate." It is a term that metaphorically refers to the fourth emerging power, referring to the fourth estate or class after the king (or clergy), the nobility, and the citizens (bourgeoisie). However, it generally refers to journalists, newspapers, or, more recently, the mass media. According to Thomas Carlyle, it is said that the first person to call newspapers the fourth estate was the British thinker and politician E. Burke. A similar term is the "fourth power" or "fourth bureaucracy," which is next to the three branches of government: legislative, judicial, and executive.

[Yoshimi Uchikawa]

"The Threatening Fourth Estate" by F. Williams, translated by Kazuo Uehara and Masateru Shiga (1958, Yuki Shobo)

[References] | Journalists | Newspapers | Mass communication

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

英語のthe Fourth Estateの訳。国王(または聖職者)、貴族、市民(ブルジョアジー)に次ぐ第四の身分あるいは階級の意味で、広く第四番目の新興勢力を比喩(ひゆ)的に示すことば。しかし一般的には、ジャーナリスト、新聞、あるいは最近ではマスコミをさすことが多い。トマス・カーライルによれば、新聞を第四階級とよんだのはイギリスの思想家・政治家E・バークが最初といわれる。これと似た呼び方に、立法、司法、行政の三権に次ぐ「第四権力」あるいは「第四府」ということばもある。

[内川芳美]

『F・ウィリアムズ著、上原和夫・志賀正照訳『脅かす第四階級』(1958・有紀書房)』

[参照項目] | ジャーナリスト | 新聞 | マス・コミュニケーション

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