Moratorium (English spelling)

Japanese: モラトリアム(英語表記)moratorium
Moratorium (English spelling)
A government law that allows the government to suspend all debt payments, including bank deposits, for a certain period of time. This is done to prevent financial turmoil caused by defaults on debts in times of emergency such as war, natural disasters, and depression. In Japan, this was done immediately after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 and during the financial depression in 1927. After World War II, the Financial Emergency Measures Order (Imperial Ordinance No. 83 of 1946) froze deposits in February of that year in order to prevent inflation, and allowed withdrawals of certain amounts for living expenses, salaries, business expenses, etc. that were permitted by law. In Europe and the United States, the example was in 1958. An international moratorium was also implemented in 1956, when U.S. President H. Hoover granted European countries a one-year grace period for payment of war bonds owed to the United States.

moratorium
Moratorium

A psychoanalytic term proposed by EH Erikson. Originally meaning a "grace period," it has come to refer to the period of adolescence when social responsibilities are temporarily exempted or postponed. While preparing to seek and discover a purpose in life and work, they are unable to determine their true identity and tend to live a passive life of lethargy, irresponsibility, and indifference, while establishing their own ego identity. According to Keigo Okonogi, modern people have a strong tendency to prolong this grace period and become "moratorium people" who refuse to become adults. The background to this is said to be the reality that society is changing at an accelerating rate and people are unable to find their identity.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
政府が法令をもって銀行預金を含むすべての債務の支払いを一定期間だけ猶予すること。戦争,天災,恐慌などの非常事態に際し,債務の不履行による金融上の混乱を未然に防止するために実施される。日本では 1923年の関東大震災直後,および 27年の金融恐慌当時実施されたことがあり,また第2次世界大戦後は 46年に金融緊急措置令 (昭和 21年勅令 83号) により,インフレーション高進を阻止するため,同年2月に預金が封鎖され,法令で認められた生活費,給与,事業費などについて一定額の引出しを認めた。欧米では 33年におけるアメリカの例がある。なお国際的なモラトリアムとしては,31年にアメリカの H.フーバー大統領が,ヨーロッパ諸国の対アメリカ戦債について1年間の支払い猶予を与えた例がある。

モラトリアム
moratorium

E.H.エリクソンの提案した精神分析学の用語。本来は「支払い猶予期間」の意であったのを転じて,社会的責任を一時的に免除あるいは猶予されている青年期をさす。生きがいや働きがいを求め,発見するための準備を整える一方,自分の正体,アイデンティティを確定できず,無気力,無責任,無関心など消極的な生活に傾きながら,自我の同一性を確立してゆく。小此木啓吾によれば,現代人には,この猶予期間を引延ばし,大人になろうとしない「モラトリアム人間」 moratorium personalityの傾向が強い。その背景には,社会の変化が加速度的であり,アイデンティティを見つけきれないという現実があるといわれる。

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