A government law that allows the government to suspend all debt payments, including bank deposits, for a certain period of time. This is done to prevent financial turmoil caused by defaults on debts in times of emergency such as war, natural disasters, and depression. In Japan, this was done immediately after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 and during the financial depression in 1927. After World War II, the Financial Emergency Measures Order (Imperial Ordinance No. 83 of 1946) froze deposits in February of that year in order to prevent inflation, and allowed withdrawals of certain amounts for living expenses, salaries, business expenses, etc. that were permitted by law. In Europe and the United States, the example was in 1958. An international moratorium was also implemented in 1956, when U.S. President H. Hoover granted European countries a one-year grace period for payment of war bonds owed to the United States. moratorium |
政府が法令をもって銀行預金を含むすべての債務の支払いを一定期間だけ猶予すること。戦争,天災,恐慌などの非常事態に際し,債務の不履行による金融上の混乱を未然に防止するために実施される。日本では 1923年の関東大震災直後,および 27年の金融恐慌当時実施されたことがあり,また第2次世界大戦後は 46年に金融緊急措置令 (昭和 21年勅令 83号) により,インフレーション高進を阻止するため,同年2月に預金が封鎖され,法令で認められた生活費,給与,事業費などについて一定額の引出しを認めた。欧米では 33年におけるアメリカの例がある。なお国際的なモラトリアムとしては,31年にアメリカの H.フーバー大統領が,ヨーロッパ諸国の対アメリカ戦債について1年間の支払い猶予を与えた例がある。
モラトリアム
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