Mosca - Gaetano Mosca (English spelling)

Japanese: モスカ - もすか(英語表記)Gaetano Mosca
Mosca - Gaetano Mosca (English spelling)

Italian political scientist. Born in Sicily. Graduated from the University of Palermo. He taught constitutional law and political science at the universities of Turin, Milan, and Rome, but was also active as a politician, becoming a member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1909 and a Senator in 1919. His political theory has been criticized for its eclectic nature and lack of deep theoretical structure, but the flourishing of the sociological tradition of political science in Italy is due to him. He identified the center of politics in the organization of political classes, and clarified that "in any era and in any place, political functions are entrusted to a certain class" as an "immovable and certain fact" in various systems and political actions. He argued that the sociological composition of a certain class, the ruling class, is determined in various ways depending on the level of historical development, such as military value, wealth, and personal achievements. His major works include Elements of Political Science (1896), Sociology of Political Parties in Modern Democracy (1912), The Ancient City-State and the Modern Representative State (1924), and History of Political Theory (1933).

[Yoshikazu Murakami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの政治学者。シチリア島生まれ。パレルモ大学卒業。トリノ、ミラノ、ローマの各大学で憲法学、政治学を教授したが、他面、1909年には下院議員に、1919年には上院議員になるなど、政治家としても活躍した。彼の政治理論はその折衷主義的性格や深い理論構成の欠如から批判されるところではあるが、イタリアにおける政治学の社会学的伝統の開花は、彼に負うものである。彼は、政治の中枢を政治的諸階級の編成に求め、多様な制度や政治行動における「不動の、確実な事実」として、「どのような時代においても、また、どのような場所においても、政治的諸機能は特定の階級にゆだねられる」ということを明らかにした。特定の階級=支配階級の社会学的構成は、歴史的発展の水準に応じて、軍事的価値、財産、個人的功績などにより多様に決定されるとした。主著として『政治学の諸要素』Elementi di scienza politica(1896)、『近代民主主義における政党の社会学』La sociologia del partito politico nella democrazia moderna(1912)、『古代都市国家と近代代議制国家』Lo Stato-città antico e lo Stato rappresentativo moderno(1924)、『政治理論史』Storia delle dottrine politiche(1933)などがある。

[村上義和]

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