Melanchthon, Philipp

Japanese: メランヒトン（英語表記）Melanchthon， Philipp

Born: February 15, 1497 in Baden-Bretten
Died April 19, 1560. German theologian, reformer, and educator from Wittenberg. His real name was Schwarzerd (meaning black earth), which became the Greek form Melanchthon. He was mentored by his mother's uncle, the humanist Reuchlin, and was well versed in Greek classics. In 1518, he became a professor of Greek at the University of Wittenberg, and together with Luther, he embarked on the Reformation, publishing the first Protestant systematic theology book, Loci communes rerum theologicarum (1521), and becoming the second leader after Luther. Through his debates with the Church of Rome, he wrote works such as the Augsburg Creed and Apology, and was considered to represent the orthodox Lutheran school. Later, differences of opinion between him and Luther became apparent, especially regarding the Eucharist, but the two maintained a friendship until the end. After Luther's death, he was sharply criticized and isolated for his compromise with the Augsburg Provisional Arrangement (48), which allowed the practice of adiaphora (as long as it did not deny justification by faith). He also compromised with Calvin's position, which became the source of internal disputes within the Lutheran church. Those who followed Melanchthon were called Philippians.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1497.2.15. バーデン，ブレッテン
[没]1560.4.19. ウィッテンベルク
ドイツの神学者，宗教改革者，教育者。本名 Schwarzerd (黒い土の意) からギリシア語化してメランヒトンと呼ばれた。母のおじで人文学者のロイヒリンの薫陶を受け，ギリシア古典に通じた。 1518年ウィッテンベルク大学でギリシア語教授となり，ルターとともに宗教改革に乗出し，新教初の体系的神学書『ロキ・コンムネス』 Loci communes rerum theologicarum (1521) を出版し，ルターに次ぐ指導者となった。ローマ教会との論争を通じて，『アウクスブルク信条』『弁証』などを執筆，ルター派の正統を代表するものとみなされた。その後，特に聖餐に関してルターとの考えの相違が明らかとなったが，両者は最後まで友情を保った。ルターの死後，アウクスブルクの暫定取決め (48) に対して，信仰による義認を否定しないかぎりアディアフォラ (→アディアフォリスト論争 ) は実践してよいと，ローマ教会に妥協的であったので鋭く批判され，孤立した。またカルバンの立場とも妥協的であり，ルター派内の論争のもととなった。メランヒトンに従う人々はフィリップ派と称された。

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