A device that objectively indicates the tempo of music. It was invented by the Dutchman Winkel in 1812, and improved on by the German Mälzel, who patented it in 1816 under the name metronome, a coined word from the Greek words metron (beat, meter) and nomos (standard). It is a spring-driven device that applies the principle of a compound pendulum with weights attached to the top and bottom, and the upper movable weight is raised and lowered to adjust the period of vibration, emitting a ticking sound to mark the beat. It is said that Beethoven was the first to use this to indicate the speed of a composition, and after that the metronome symbol, which indicates the number of beats per minute, such as MM (short for Mälzel's Metronome) ♩ = 72, became established. Today, various electric metronomes are made and are widely used. [Akiko Kawaguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
音楽のテンポを客観的に示す器具。1812年にオランダのウィンケルが発明し、それをドイツのメルツェルが改良して、16年にメトロン(拍、韻律)とノモス(規準)の二つのギリシア語からの造語メトロノームの名で特許をとった。上下に錘(おもり)をつける複振子の原理を応用したぜんまい仕掛けのもので、上方の可動の錘を上下させ振動の周期を調節し、カチカチと音を発して拍を刻む。これを初めて作曲の速度指示に用いたのはベートーベンといわれており、以後1分間に刻む拍数をM. M. (Mälzel's Metronomeの略)♩=72のように表示するメトロノーム記号が定着した。今日では電気によるさまざまなメトロノームもつくられ、広く用いられている。 [川口明子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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