German physicist. Born in Munich. Earned his doctorate at the Technical University of Munich. Worked at the Max Planck Institute and discovered the Mössbauer effect in 1958, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1961. In the same year, he was invited to the United States by a professor at the California Institute of Technology, and returned to Japan in 1964 to become a professor at the Technical University of Munich. Since 1997, he has been a professor emeritus at the same university. When gamma rays are emitted from an atomic nucleus, the Doppler effect occurs due to the recoil, slightly extending the wavelength of the gamma rays, and they cannot be absorbed even by the same type of atomic nucleus. When the atomic nucleus is strongly bound in a crystal lattice, the recoil from gamma rays becomes negligibly small, making it possible to observe the resonance absorption of atomic nuclei. This is called the recoilless resonance absorption effect. Mössbauer was the first to successfully verify this with the nucleus of iridium-191, so it is called the Mössbauer effect. It was also used successfully in experimental verification of Einstein's general theory of relativity. [Takashi Takezawa] "Mössbauer Effect" by Kazuo Ohno (published in the Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 15, 1960)" ▽ "Advances in Magnetic Physics" edited by Satoshi Konno (Agne, 1964) [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの物理学者。ミュンヘン生まれ。ミュンヘン工科大学で学位を取得。マックス・プランク研究所に勤務し、1958年メスバウアー効果を発見、この業績によって1961年ノーベル物理学賞を受ける。同年カリフォルニア工科大学の教授に招かれてアメリカに渡り、1964年に帰国し、ミュンヘン工科大学教授となる。1997年以降同大学名誉教授。原子核からγ(ガンマ)線が放射されると、その反跳のためドップラー効果がおこり、γ線の波長がわずかに延び、同種の原子核でも吸収できない。結晶格子中に原子核が強く束縛されているときに、γ線による反跳は無視できるほど小さくなり、原子核の共鳴吸収の観測が可能になる。これを無反跳共鳴吸収効果という。メスバウアーがこのことをイリジウム191の原子核について初めて検証することに成功したので、メスバウアー効果とよんでいる。アインシュタインの一般相対性理論の実験的検証にも用いられ成功した。 [武澤 隆] 『大野和郎著「Mössbauer効果」(『日本物理学会誌』15所収・1960)』▽『近角聰信編『磁性物理の進歩』(1964・アグネ)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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