major

Japanese: メジャー
major
An international oil cartel. Formally, it was a 1928 agreement between Standard Oil (Jersey Standard, later Exxon), Royal Dutch Shell Group, and Anglo-Persian (later British Petroleum) to maintain the status quo in the world market and to jointly develop oil resources in the former Ottoman Empire. However, based on this agreement, it actually referred to the world market domination system of the so-called Seven Sisters, which included Mobil Oil, Texaco, Gulf Oil, and Chevron. Competition was fierce, with Gulf Oil being acquired by Chevron in 1984, while its dominance gradually declined in the 1970s due to nationalist movements in oil-producing countries (OPEC), the emergence of powerful outsiders, and the advance of crude oil from the former Soviet Union. As a countermeasure, in 1998 British Petroleum (BP) announced a merger with Amoco, and Exxon announced a merger with Mobil Oil. This made the new company, Exxon Mobil, the world's largest oil company, with sales of $203 billion. → Oil Industry → Related topics Crude oil trading | Indigenous capital | Royal Dutch Petroleum [Company]

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
国際的な石油カルテルのこと。形式的にはスタンダード・オイル(ジャージー・スタンダード。後のエクソン),ロイヤル・ダッチ・シェル・グループ,アングロ・ペルシアン(後のブリティッシュ・ペトロリアム)による1928年の,世界市場における現状維持協定,旧オスマン帝国内の石油資源共同開発協定をいう。しかし実質的にはこの協定を基礎に,モービル・オイル,テキサコ,ガルフ・オイル,シェブロンも加えたいわゆる七大国際石油資本(セブン・シスターズ)の世界市場支配体制をいった。このうちガルフ・オイルが1984年シェブロンに買収されるなど,競争が激しく,一方で1970年代には産油国の民族運動(OPEC),有力アウトサイダーの登場,旧ソ連原油の進出などで支配力は徐々に低下した。その対応策の一つとして,1998年にはブリティッシュ・ペトロリアム(BP)がアモコと,エクソンがモービル・オイルとの合併を発表した。これによって新会社エクソン・モービルは売上高2030億ドルの世界最大の石油会社となった。→石油産業
→関連項目原油取引|民族資本|ロイヤル・ダッチ・ペトロリアム[会社]

出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報

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