In the 1630s, there were roadside restaurants in Kyoto that served a single bowl of rice to commoners. After the Great Edo Fire in 1657, a teahouse called Chazuke Meshiya opened in Asakusa, serving Nara Chazuke rice. In the 19th century, Chazuke Meshiya and Ichinoseki Meshiya flourished in Edo, Osaka, and Kyoto. Inns and other establishments also began to serve a single bowl of rice, a low-class lunch. Many of them targeted the lower classes of the city. In the 1890s, along with izakaya, restaurants served rickshaw drivers, construction workers, and small merchants, and were considered low-class restaurants as Ichinoseki Meshiya. Many of them were established in the entertainment districts and outskirts of the city, with discount sales signs hanging from rope curtains and eaves lanterns. The menu at that time included Marusan soba, Fukagawa rice, horse meat rice, stews, grilled chicken, and country dumplings. There were also leftover food stores that sold food by weight to the poor. In the 1910s, the term "meiya" came to mean a simple restaurant that provided simple meals. [Motoo Endo] "Darkest Tokyo" by Matsubara Iwagoro (1893, Minyusha / reprint edition, 1980, Gendai Shichosha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1630年代に、京には、路傍などで食器に飯を盛り切りにした一膳(いちぜん)飯を、庶民相手に食べさせる一膳飯屋があった。また、1657年(明暦3)の江戸大火以後に浅草で奈良茶漬(ちゃづけ)飯を食べさせる茶屋の茶漬飯屋ができた。19世紀に入ると、江戸、大坂、京で茶漬飯屋や一膳飯屋が繁盛した。旅籠(はたご)屋などでも一膳盛りという下直(げじき)な昼食を出すようになった。多く都市下層民を対象としていた。1890年代には、居酒屋と並んで、車夫、土方、小商人らを顧客とし、飯屋は一膳飯屋として下等な飲食店のこととなった。都市の盛り場や場末に多くでき、縄暖簾(のれん)、軒行灯(あんどん)に安売りの看板を下げていた。そのころの献立は丸三蕎麦(そば)、深川飯、馬肉飯、煮込み、焼きとり、田舎(いなか)団子などである。このほか細民を相手とした飯の量り売りの残飯(ざんぱん)屋もあった。1910年代に入ると、飯屋とは簡単な食事を賄う簡易食堂をさすようになった。 [遠藤元男] 『松原岩五郎著『最暗黒の東京』(1893・民友社/復刻版・1980・現代思潮社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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