Musha Incident

An anti-Japanese rebellion by Taiwan's indigenous minority groups (in Chinese-speaking countries, "indigenous people" means "those who no longer exist," so "aboriginal people" is used). On October 27, 1930, more than 300 members of six Atayal tribes in the area of ​​Wushe, Nenggao County, Taichung Prefecture (now Renai Township, Nantou County) rose up in unison under the command of Mona Ludao of Mahebo tribe, attacking a police station in the hinterland, and then attacking Wushe Public School during a sports day, killing 134 Japanese. The Han Chinese casualties were two, one who was hit by a stray bullet and the other who was mistaken for a Japanese, and it was a planned anti-Japanese uprising. The Taiwan Governor's Office deployed more than 2,700 police officers and more than 1,000 Taiwanese troops to suppress the rebellion, and a fierce mopping-up operation was carried out. The rebels' morale was extremely high and they were well organized, and they continued to resist to the end, taking refuge in natural fortresses, but by the end of November they had run out of strength and were finally quelled by the suicide of Mona Rudao and others. Mountain artillery, machine guns, airplanes, and other equipment were used in the mopping-up operation, and there is a strong suspicion that poison gas was also used.

The incident had a huge impact, with Taiwan Governor-General Ishizuka Eizo, General Affairs Commissioner Hitomi Jiro, and Police Bureau Chief Ishii Tamotsu being held responsible and resigning in January of the following year (1956). Furthermore, the buraku that joined the rebellion were attacked by another buraku in April of the same year (the Second Musha Incident), and were forced to relocate to a remote area in May. The main cause of the uprising was dissatisfaction with everyday discriminatory treatment, harsh labor, low wages, and embezzlement by police officers. The background to the uprising was dissatisfaction with the loss of land and restrictions on movement that had been imposed as a result of Japan's long-term oppressive ethnic policies.

[Makio Okabe]

“Taiwan Wushe Uprising Incident” edited by Dai Guo-huang (1981, Social Thought Publishing)”

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

台湾の少数原住民族（中国語圏では、「先住民」に「今は存在しない」という意味があるため、「原住民」が用いられる）の抗日反乱事件。1930年（昭和5）10月27日、台中(たいちゅう)州能高(のうこう)郡霧社（現南投(なんとう)県仁愛郷）一帯のタイヤル族6部落300余名が、マヘボ部落のモーナ・ルーダオの指揮で一斉に蜂起(ほうき)し、奥地の警察官駐在所を襲撃、ついで霧社公学校の運動会開催中を襲い、日本人134名を殺害した。漢民族の犠牲者は流れ弾に当たったものと日本人と誤認されたもの計2名で、計画的な反日蜂起であった。台湾総督府は鎮圧のため警察官ら2700余人を投入、台湾軍からも1000人以上が出動して、激しい掃討戦を繰り広げた。反乱側の士気はきわめて高く、統制もとれ、天険にたてこもって最後まで抵抗を続けたが、11月末になって力尽き、モーナ・ルーダオらの自殺でようやく鎮定された。掃討戦には山砲、機関銃、飛行機などが用いられ、毒ガスも使われた疑いが濃い。

　台湾総督石塚英蔵(えいぞう)、総務長官人見次郎、警務局長石井保らが責任を問われて翌31年1月辞任するなど、事件の波紋は大きかった。また反乱に加わった部落は、同年4月、別の部落に襲撃され（第二霧社事件）たすえ、5月遠隔地に強制移住させられた。蜂起の原因は、日常的差別待遇、過酷な出役労働、低賃金と警察官によるその着服などへの不満が主であった。長期にわたる日本の強圧的な民族政策で土地を失い、行動を制限されてきたことへの不満がその背景をなしていた。

［岡部牧夫］

『戴國煇編著『台湾霧社蜂起事件』（1981・社会思想社）』

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