Polar Year

Japanese: 極年 - きょくねん(英語表記)Polar Year
Polar Year

International Polar Year. It has been held twice so far. Many geophysical problems are large in scale and require international cooperative observation. The first time, 12 countries participated, and it was held for one year from August 1, 1882, mainly targeting high latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere, observing meteorology, geomagnetism, and auroras. Japan observed geomagnetism in Akasaka, Tokyo, from March 1883 (Meiji 16). This observation work led to the current geomagnetic observations by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The second time was held 50 years later, from August 1932 (Showa 7) to August the following year, with 44 countries participating, and in addition to the items from the first time, ionospheric physics observations were also carried out. This was the first time that year-round meteorological observations were made on the summit of Mt. Fuji. Meteorological observations were also conducted by airplane up to an altitude of about 5,000 meters.

[Toshiaki Yasuda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

国際極年観測International Polar Yearのこと。これまで2回行われている。地球物理上の問題には規模が大きくて国際協同観測を必要とするものが多い。第1回は12か国が参加し、1882年8月1日から1年間、主として北半球高緯度地方を対象として気象、地磁気、オーロラを観測した。日本は1883年(明治16)3月から東京赤坂で地磁気を観測した。現在の気象庁の地磁気観測につながる観測業務であった。第2回は50年後の1932年(昭和7)8月から翌年8月まで、44か国が参加し、第1回の種目に加えてイオン圏物理の観測がなされた。富士山頂の通年気象観測はこのとき以来のものである。飛行機により高度5000メートルくらいまでの気象観測も行われた。

[安田敏明]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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