Mondino dei Liuzzi (English notation)MondinodeiLiuzzi

...In the 12th and 13th centuries, when a nobleman died in a distant place, he would be thoroughly boiled and the bones sent to his hometown, while the organs and broth were buried there. Kings and bishops followed this custom, despite repeated bans, and it continued in England and France into the 15th century (Huizinga, "The Autumn of the Middle Ages"). Mondino dei Liuzzi of the University of Bologna performed the first human dissection himself and wrote an independent anatomical book (1316). After that, dissections were performed at each medical school, and knowledge of the shape of the skeleton gradually became more accurate. Vesalius's "Anatomy of the Human Body" (1543) contains a fairly accurate drawing of a skeleton meditating with a skull, and Shakespeare is said to have had this in mind when writing the cemetery scene in "Hamlet". ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Mondino dei Liuzzi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…12,13世紀ごろ，貴人が遠隔地で死ぬとよく煮て骨だけを故郷に送り，内臓と煮だし汁はその地に葬る風習があって，くり返し禁ぜられたにもかかわらず国王や司教もこの風習に従い，イギリスやフランスでは15世紀にも続けられたという(ホイジンガ《中世の秋》)。ボローニャ大学のモンディーノMondino dei Liuzzi が初めて人体解剖をみずから行い，独立した解剖学書を著して(1316)，以後解剖は各医科大学でなされ，骸骨の姿に関する知識はしだいに正確となった。ベサリウスの《人体構造》(1543)に頭蓋骨を持って瞑想するかなり正確な骸骨の図があり，シェークスピアは《ハムレット》の墓地の場を書くのにこれを念頭においたという。…

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