Manicure - Manicure (English spelling)

Japanese: マニキュア - まにきゅあ(英語表記)manicure
Manicure - Manicure (English spelling)

A beauty technique. It is a compound word of the Latin manu (hand) and curare (treatment), and originally meant to treat the hands. It refers to the beauty of the whole hand, and includes all hand makeup techniques such as beautiful nails and hand massages. Similarly, pedicure is a compound word with pedi (a prefix meaning foot), and refers to the beauty of the whole foot, including beautiful nails, massage, makeup, etc. Pedicure in particular can also refer to the treatment of calluses and blisters on the feet.

The history of nail polish is very old, dating back to ancient Egypt when the juice from the henna plant (Lythraceae) was used to dye nails, and in Greek and Roman times it was worn by upper class women. It is said that the technique improved further in the Middle Ages, but it was only in the 1920s, after the enamel paint that became the main ingredient, that modern nail polish became popular around the world.

In Japan, during the Heian period, people would rub together the petals of balsam and the leaves of the Chinese lantern plant to dye their nails red, and balsam was also called "tsumakurenai." In the Edo period, people would also paint their nails lightly with red, which was called "tsumabeni." It can be thought of as a kind of manicure.

Nail enamel is made from synthetic resin, alcohol as a solvent, plasticizer, and colorant, and comes in a wide variety of colors, including pearl, pink, red, gold, silver, black, green, and purple.

[Fumisako Yokota]

Manicure Method

[1] Shape the nails with a file. [2] Soak your hands in lukewarm water with soapy water, then [3] massage with cuticle remover. [4] Push the epinyachne (skin at the base of the nail) with a pusher, then [5] cut it off with nippers. [6] Wash your hands with soapy water, then [7] polish thoroughly with a buffer. [8] Massage your entire hand, then [9] first apply base coat, then nail enamel, and finally top coat, carefully but quickly applying them so that the nails look beautiful, leaving a half-moon shape. [10] Wipe off any excess nail enamel with nail polish remover.

In addition, from the perspective of nail health, applying enamel for more than a year is not good for your nails. Sometimes it is necessary to let your nails be natural.

There is also a method called "nail prosthesis" that is used when a nail is chipped or misshapen. A thin celluloid-like prosthesis is attached to the nail using nail lacquer to correct the damage.

[Fumisako Yokota]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

美手法。ラテン語のマニュmanu(手)と、キュラーレcurare(手当て)とが合成されたことばで、本来の意味は手の手当てをすること。手全体の美容をいい、美爪(びそう)、手のマッサージなど、手の化粧法すべてが含まれる。同様にペディキュアpedicureも、pedi(足の意を表す接頭辞)との合成語で、足の美爪、マッサージ、化粧など足全体の美容をいう。とくにペディキュアは、足のたこ、まめなどの治療をも含めていうこともある。

 マニキュアの歴史は非常に古く、古代エジプト時代に植物のヘンナ(ミソハギ科)の花汁を用いて爪(つめ)を染め、ギリシア・ローマ時代には上流階級の婦人の間で行われた。中世に入りその技術も一段と進歩したといわれるが、現在のマニキュアが広く世界に流行したのは、原料のエナメルペイントがつくられた以後で、1920年代からである。

 日本でも、平安時代、ホウセンカの花弁とホオズキの葉をもみ合わせて爪を赤く染めることがあって、ホウセンカは一名「つまくれない」ともよばれた。江戸時代になると爪に薄く紅をさすこともみられ、それを「爪紅(つまべに)」といった。一種のマニキュアと考えてもよい。

 ネイル・エナメルの原料は、合成樹脂に溶剤としてアルコール、それに可塑剤、着色剤を加えたものであり、色の種類も、パール、ピンク、赤などに加え、金、銀、黒、緑、紫など多彩である。

[横田富佐子]

マニキュアの方法

〔1〕ファイルで爪の形を整える。〔2〕せっけん液の微温湯に手指を浸し、〔3〕キューティクル・リムーバーでマッサージする。〔4〕プッシャーで上爪皮(爪の根元の皮膚)を押し、〔5〕ニッパーで切り取る。〔6〕せっけん液で手指を洗い、〔7〕バッファーでよく磨く。〔8〕手全体のマッサージを行い、〔9〕初めにベースコートを、次にネイル・エナメルを、そして最後にトップコートを塗り、半月を残して、爪を美しく見せるようにていねいに手早く塗る。〔10〕ネイル・エナメルがはみ出したところは、除光液で拭(ふ)き取る。

 なお、爪の健康上、1年以上エナメルを塗り続けていると、爪のためによくない。ときには自然に放置させておくことも必要である。

 また、爪が欠けたり、形が崩れたりしたときに行う「義爪(ぎそう)法」がある。薄いセルロイド状の義爪を、ネイル・ラッカーを使って爪に貼(は)り付けて補正する。

[横田富佐子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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