Matsubamemono - Matsubamemono

A style of Kabuki drama. It is performed on a stage set that imitates a Noh stage, with a large pine tree with roots in the front and bamboo painted on the left and right sleeves, a five-colored curtain on the left side (left side when seen from the audience), and a timid mouth on the right side (right side). Most are dance dramas based on Noh or Kyogen, and the costumes, props, and direction of the characters are also similar to Noh and Kyogen. In Kabuki, a hanamichi is used, so as a rule, a bridge is not built, but in some plays such as "Shiki Sanba" and "Hashi Benkei," a railing is sometimes placed near the curtain on the left side to resemble a bridge. Matsubamemono began in 1840 (Tenpo 11) with "Kanjincho" performed by Ichikawa Danjūrō ​​VII. It took advantage of the momentum that saw Noh, which had been a samurai-style music, gradually become liberated at the end of the Edo period, and in the Meiji period, in line with the refined tastes resulting from the development of the theatrical reform movement, Onoe Kikugoro 5th and Danjūrō ​​9th created many works in this style, including "Tsuchigumo," "Funabenkei," "Suōotoshi," and even "Ibaraki," a theme not found in Noh. From the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, Kikugoro 6th and Bandō Mitsugoro 7th also created many Kyogen-type works, such as "Migawari Zazen," "Boushibari," and "Tachinusubito."

[Toshiaki Matsui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

歌舞伎(かぶき)劇の一様式。能舞台を模して、正面に大きく根付きの松、左右の袖(そで)に竹を描いた「松羽目」を背景とし、下手(しもて)（客席から見て左方）に五色の揚幕(あげまく)、上手(かみて)（右方）に臆病(おくびょう)口を配した舞台装置で演ずるものをいう。ほとんどが能または狂言に取材した舞踊劇で、登場人物の衣装と小道具、演出も能・狂言に準ずる。歌舞伎では花道を活用するため、原則として橋懸りはつくらないが、『式三番(しきさんば)』や『橋弁慶(はしべんけい)』など、ときに下手揚幕の近くに欄干(らんかん)をつけ、橋懸りに見立てる場合もある。松羽目物の始まりは1840年（天保11）7世市川団十郎が演じた『勧進帳(かんじんちょう)』。武家式楽だった能楽が幕末にすこしずつ解放されてきた機運に乗じたもので、明治期には演劇改良運動の展開による高尚趣味に添って、5世尾上(おのえ)菊五郎、9世団十郎らにより『土蜘(つちぐも)』『船弁慶(ふなべんけい)』『素襖落(すおうおとし)』などのほか、能にはない題材の『茨木(いばらき)』まで、多くの作品がこの様式により創演された。明治末から大正期にかけても、6世菊五郎、7世坂東(ばんどう)三津五郎らにより『身替座禅(みがわりざぜん)』『棒縛(ぼうしばり)』『太刀盗人(たちぬすびと)』など狂言種(だね)の作品が多くつくられている。

［松井俊諭］

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