Sato Taizen

Japanese: 佐藤泰然 - さとう・たいぜん

Year of death: April 10, 1872 (May 16, 1872)
Year of birth: Bunka 1 (1804)
A doctor of Western medicine in the late Edo period. Founder of Juntendo (Juntendo University). Given name Taizen and pen name Koen. Born in Inage, Musashi Province (Kawasaki City). Childhood name Tanabe Shotaro. As he grew up he served the samurai Ina family, changing his name to Shoemon and his nickname Nobuyoshi. At the age of 30, he decided to study Western studies and studied under Adachi Chojun, changing his surname to Wada (his mother's surname) and his name to Taizen. In 1835 (Tenpo 6), he traveled to Nagasaki to study and stayed under Suenaga Jinzaemon. In 1836, he returned to Edo and opened Wada School in Yagenbori with Hayashi Dokai and others. In 1841, he left Wada School to his son-in-law Dokai and moved to Sakura, Shimousa Province (Chiba Prefecture), changed his surname to Sato (his father's surname), and founded Juntendo. At the same time, he became the domain's physician for the Sakura domain, teaching Dutch studies at the domain school and in 1849 supervised the implementation of smallpox vaccinations within the domain. Records of treatments carried out at Juntendo during the Kaei era (1848-54) are found in the Juntendo Experiments (Records of Seki Kansai), and from the Ansei era (1854-60) it can be inferred from fee schedules (treatment prices) that various surgeries such as Caesarean sections and the removal of ovarian tumors were performed. In 1859, he handed over the family headship to his adopted son Sato Naonaka, and lived in Yokohama, reporting on foreign affairs to the Sakura domain. When Naonaka studied in Nagasaki or when the domain's lord, Hotta Masachika, was ill, he often returned to Sakura to serve as physician. Matsumoto Ryojun (Jun) was his second son, and Hayashi Tadasu, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, was his fifth son. <Works> ``Poxology collection'', ``Osteotherapy and preparation'', ``Moshi Atsushi pox edition'' <References> ``Juntendo history'', Ryojun Matsumoto ``Kouen Sato Taizen sensei small biography''

(Shizu Sakai)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明治5.4.10(1872.5.16)
生年：文化1(1804)
幕末の蘭方医。順天堂(順天堂大学)の創始者。名は泰然,号は紅園。武蔵国稲毛(川崎市)生まれ。幼名は田辺昇太郎。長じて旗本伊奈家に仕えて,名を庄右衛門,通称を信圭と改め,さらに30歳で蘭学を志し,足立長雋に学び,姓を和田(母方の姓),名を泰然と改称。天保6(1835)年,長崎に遊学,末永甚左衛門に寄宿して学ぶ。同9年江戸に戻って,薬研堀に林洞海らと和田塾を開く。同14年,和田塾を女婿となった洞海に任せ,下総国(千葉県)佐倉に移り,姓を佐藤(父方の姓)に改め,順天堂を開く。同時に佐倉藩の藩医となり,藩校で蘭学を教え,嘉永2(1849)年に藩内での種痘の実施を指導。嘉永年間(1848～54)に順天堂で行った治療の記録は『順天堂実験』(関寛斎記録)にあり,安政年間(1854～60)には帝王切開,卵巣腫瘍摘出などのさまざまな手術が行われた様子が料金表(療値定)から推察される。安政6(1859)年に家督を養子の佐藤尚中に譲り,横浜に住み,佐倉藩に外国の事情を報告。なお尚中の長崎遊学時や藩主堀田正睦が病のときはしばしば佐倉に戻って侍医の用を勤めた。松本良順(順)は次男,外務大臣を務めた林董は5男である。<著作>『痘科集成』『接骨備要』『模私篤牛痘篇』<参考文献>『順天堂史』上,松本良順『紅園佐藤泰然先生小伝』

(酒井シヅ)

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