British geologist. Born in Ross-shire (now Ross and Cromarty), Scotland. Enlisted in the military at a young age, he left after the Battle of Waterloo and went to London. Encouraged by the famous chemist Davy, he began studying natural sciences, and in 1825 became a member of the Geological Society of London and joined the Geological Survey. In 1831, he began studying the Early Palaeozoic System of Wales with his close friend Sedgwick, and in 1839 they jointly proposed the Devonian System. Earlier, Murchison had proposed the Silurian System on his own, and in 1841, he traveled to the Urals and proposed the Permian System. He was the one who named the Silurian, Devonian, and Permian Systems, and made a great contribution to the establishment of the Early Palaeozoic System by proposing the International Standard Stratigraphy. Later, he had a fierce conflict with Sedgwick over the Cambrian strata. [Toshio Kimura] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの地質学者。スコットランドのロスシャー(現、ロス・アンド・クロマーティ)に生まれる。若くして軍務に服し、ワーテルローの戦いのあと辞めてロンドンに出た。著名な化学者デービーに勧められて、自然科学の研究を始め、1825年ロンドン地質学会員となり地質調査所に入った。1831年より当時親友であったセジュウィックとともにウェールズの古期古生界の研究を始め、1839年には連名でデボン系を提唱した。それより先マーチソンは単独でシルル系を提唱し、1841年にはウラルを研究旅行して二畳系(ペルム系)を提唱した。シルル、デボン、二畳系の命名者となり国際標準層序の提唱によって、古期古生界の確立に大きな功績を残した。のちにカンブリア系の地層についての論争で、セジュウィックと激しく対立した。 [木村敏雄] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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