Enkyu Manor Reorganization Order

...In this way, government property became taxes and temporary miscellaneous duties became public affairs, but Emperor Gosanjo's Enkyu Reforms built on this and actively attempted to establish a new system. The Enkyu Manor Reforms issued in 1069 (Enkyu 1) not only abolished manors since the Kantoku era, but also prohibited the arbitrary use of commoners as residents and the incorporation of public land into manors in the form of dezukuri and kano, and abolished the state of free land. To implement this, the Recording Manor Certificate Office was established in the Dajokan for the first time, and the rulers of manors were required to submit documentary evidence (certificates), while also listening to the arguments of the provincial governors, and promoted the abolition of manors and residents that lacked evidence or were an obstacle to national affairs. This was a measure that placed in the hands of the Daijokan the authority over the existence and abolition of manors and residents, which had previously been entrusted to the provincial governors. It clarified the distinction between manors and public lands, which had been expanding, and between residents and commoners, and made clear the intention to bring the whole of the country under the control of the Emperor once again.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the Enkyu Manor Reorganization Order is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…こうして官物は年貢に，臨時雑役は公事になっていくが，さらに後三条天皇の延久の改革はその上に立って，積極的に新たな体制を打ち出そうと試みたのである。　1069年(延久1)に発せられた延久荘園整理令は，寛徳以後の荘園を停止しただけでなく，平民をほしいままに寄人としたり，出作りや加納などの形で公田を荘園にとり込むことを禁止し，浮免の状態にある免田を停止，その実施のために初めて記録荘園券契所を太政官に置き，荘園の支配者から証拠文書(券契)を提出させる一方，国守からも言い分を聞いて，証拠が不備であったり，国務に妨げとなる荘園や寄人の停止を推進した。これはそれまで国守にゆだねられてきた荘園･寄人の存廃の権限を，太政官の手中に収めた処置で，増大してきた荘園と公領との区分や寄人と平民の区別を明確にするとともに，その全体をあらためて天皇の支配下に置こうとする意図がここに明らかにされたのである。…

※「延久荘園整理令」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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