Hungarians. Magyar is their self-name, originally derived from the name of one of the tribes in the tribal alliance. Their language is Magyar (Hungarian), which belongs to the Finno-Ugric family. The current population, including neighboring countries, is about 15 million, making it the largest in the same language family. They left their cradle, the Urals, around 1000 BC, and thereafter coexisted with Turkic peoples for a long time, learning livestock farming and agriculture. Today's European names, such as Ungar (German) and Hongrois (French), originate from the Turkish word onogur (meaning 10 tribes). After the Christian era, they were under the rule of the Huns and Khazars, but formed their own tribal alliance in the early 9th century. However, they inherited the dual chiefdom from the previous ruling tribe. The population at the time of the founding of the state in around 895 was about 500,000. In the 13th century, the population of the area was drastically reduced by the Mongol invasion, and King Béla IV settled the area with Germans, Italians, and Turks of Kun. The mixture of these peoples, including the surrounding Slavs, formed the basis of the Magyars, as we know them today. [Ieda Osamu] "History of Hungary" edited by E. Pamuleniyi, translated by Fumio Tashiro and Masahiro Kashima (1980, Kobunsha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ハンガリー人のこと。マジャールMagyarは彼らの自称で、もとは部族連合内の一部族名に由来する。言語はマジャール語(ハンガリー語)で、フィン・ウゴル語族に属す。現在の人口は周辺諸国をあわせて1500万ほどで、同語族のなかでは最大。紀元前1000年ごろに揺籃(ようらん)の地ウラルを離れ、その後は長期にわたってトルコ系諸民族と共存、牧畜・農耕を学ぶ。Ungar(ドイツ語)、Hongrois(フランス語)などの今日のヨーロッパでの呼称は、トルコ語のオノグルonogur(10の部族の意)に起源をもつ。紀元後はフン人、ハザール人などの支配下にあったが、9世紀初めに独自の部族連合を形成。ただし二重首長制は前支配部族から継承した。895年ころの建国時の人口は約50万。13世紀モンゴル人来襲による人口激減を受けて、ベーラ4世によるドイツ人、イタリア人、トルコ系クン人などの入植が行われた。周辺のスラブ人も含めて、これらの諸民族との混住から、今日のマジャール人の基礎ができた。 [家田 修] 『E・パムレーニ編、田代文雄・鹿島正裕訳『ハンガリー史』(1980・恒文社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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