Colonia (English spelling) colonia (Latin)

Japanese: コロニア - ころにあ(英語表記)colonia ラテン語
Colonia (English spelling) colonia (Latin)

A colony built by the ancient Romans. While the Greek apoikia created a new independent citizenship that was not dependent on the mother city, the Roman colonia adopted a form in which a certain number of Roman citizens immigrated and settled as a community modeled on the city of Rome while remaining dependent on the Roman state. It began with the settlement of citizen garrison soldiers in Ostia and Antium around the 4th century BC, and later colonies were built by occupying most of the urban areas of the conquered territories, becoming bases for Roman rule and cultural penetration. Originally, there were Roman citizen colonies and Latin colonies, and the residents of the former had full Roman citizenship, while the residents of the latter were only granted the right to trade and marry, and did not enjoy full citizenship. Eventually, the two were gradually assimilated in terms of their external and internal structure. Although the difference in legal status remained, in the Imperial period, colonia strengthened its honorary title character and came to mean the highest ranking in the city system.

[Ryoji Motomura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ローマ人の建設した植民市。ギリシア人のアポイキアが母市に依存しない独立した新しい市民権をつくりだすのに比べて、ローマ人のコロニアでは一定数のローマ市民が移住し、ローマ国家に依存したままローマ市に倣った共同体として定住する形態をとっている。紀元前4世紀ごろ、オスティアやアンティウムに市民屯田兵を入植させたのに始まり、その後、被征服地の都市領域の大半を占領して植民市が建設され、ローマの支配と文化の浸透の拠点をなした。元来はローマ市民植民市とラテン人植民市とに分かれ、前者はその住民が完全なローマ市民権を有したが、後者の住民は通商権と婚姻権が認められただけで、完全な市民権にあずかれなかった。やがて両者は外的、内的構成において事実上徐々に同化していった。法的地位の差異をとどめながらも、帝政期になると、コロニアは名誉称号的性格を強め、都市制度上の格づけにおいて最上位を意味するようになった。

[本村凌二]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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