Kamakura Shogun

Japanese: 鎌倉公方 - かまくらくぼう

The head of the Kamakura shogunate, established by the Muromachi shogunate to rule the eastern provinces. Also called the Kanto kubō. In 1336, Ashikaga Takauji, who established the shogunate in Kyoto, kept his eldest son Yoshiakira in Kamakura, making him the Kamakura Imperial Palace (Kamakura kubō), and placed the Kanto kanrei under him to assist Yoshiakira. In 1349, after Takauji's younger brother Tadayoshi was overthrown, Yoshiakira took over the position and moved to Kyoto, and Yoshiakira's younger brother Motouji became the Kamakura kubō in his place. After the Kan'o Disturbance, Takauji stayed in Kamakura for a time and directly ruled the eastern provinces, but after Takauji left, Motouji again took over government affairs as the Kamakura kubō. In 1363, Uesugi Noriaki became the Kanto kanrei, solidifying the foundation of the Kamakura shogunate system with the Uesugi clan at its core. During the time of Ujimitsu, who succeeded Motouji, the power of the Kamakura Kubo extended to the powerful clans of northern Kanto. Ujimitsu, who put down the rebellion of the Koyama clan in Shimotsuke, which took place over a decade from 1380, positioned himself as the "Emperor's deputy" and established a unique national system in the eastern part of the country. In 1392, Ujimitsu was given jurisdiction over both Mutsu and Dewa provinces by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. Mitsukane, who succeeded Ujimitsu in 1398, dispatched his younger brothers Mitsusada and Mitsunao to Inamura and Sasakawa, respectively, the following year to solidify control over Oshu. Mitsukane died in 1409 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Mochiuji. The shogunate supported Mochiuji during the Uesugi Zenshū Rebellion, but after the rebellion, there was a rift between the shogunate and Mochiuji, and after Ashikaga Yoshinori became shogun in 1428, the conflict between Kyoto and Kamakura intensified. Even within the Kamakura government, discord between Mochiuji and Kanto Kanrei Uesugi Norizane, who advocated cooperation with the shogunate, became apparent, and the Eikyō War broke out. After that, battles between the shogunate and Mochiuji were repeated, with Mochiuji's side being defeated in various places and rebellions occurring one after another. In 1439, Mochiuji committed suicide, and the Kamakura kubō was destroyed. In 1447, the Kamakura kubō was revived by Mochiuji's surviving son, Shigeuji, but during the Kyōtoku War he moved to Koga in Shimousa and became the Koga kubō. The shogunate appointed Ashikaga Masatomo as the new Kamakura kubō, but he was unable to enter Kamakura and remained in Horikoshi, Izu, and was known as the Horikoshi kubō. With Masatomo's death in 1491, the Kamakura kubō disappeared in both name and reality. →Inamura Palace→Related topicsAshikaga clan | Ashikaga Shigeuji | Ashikaga Mochiuji | Ashikaga Motouji | Ashikaga Yoshimochi | Oyamada Manor | Kubo | Butler | Jomyōji Temple

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

室町幕府が東国支配のために置いた鎌倉府の長官。関東公方ともいう。1336年京都に幕府を開いた足利尊氏は，嫡子義詮(よしあきら)を鎌倉にとどめ鎌倉御所（鎌倉公方）とし，そのもとに関東管領を置いて義詮を補佐させた。1349年尊氏の弟直義の失脚後，その地位を義詮が継ぐこととなり上京，代わって義詮の弟基氏が鎌倉公方に就任した。観応の擾乱後，一時尊氏が鎌倉に滞在して直接東国統治を行ったが，尊氏退去後は再び基氏が鎌倉公方として政務をとった。1363年上杉憲顕(のりあき)が関東管領となり，上杉氏を中軸とする鎌倉府体制の基礎が固まった。基氏の後を継いだ氏満の時代になると，鎌倉公方の権力は北関東の豪族層にも及ぶようになった。1380年から十数年にわたって起きた下野小山氏の乱を鎮圧した氏満は，自らを〈天子ノ御代官〉と位置づけ，東国における独自の国家体制を確立させた。1392年氏満は将軍足利義満から陸奥・出羽両国の管轄権を譲られた。1398年氏満の後を継いだ満兼は，翌年奥州支配を固めるため弟満貞・満直をそれぞれ稲村・篠川に派遣した。1409年満兼は死去，その後を嫡子持氏が継いだ。上杉禅秀の乱では幕府は持氏を援助したが，乱後幕府と持氏の間が不和となり，1428年足利義教が将軍となってからは京・鎌倉間の対立はいっそう激化した。鎌倉府内部でも幕府との協調を説く関東管領上杉憲実(のりざね)と持氏の不和が顕在化し，永享の乱が勃発した。その後幕府方と持氏方との合戦が繰り返され，持氏方は各地で敗れ謀反も相次いだ。1439年持氏は自害，鎌倉公方は滅亡した。1447年持氏の遺子成氏(しげうじ)によって鎌倉公方は復活するが，享徳の乱で下総古河に居を移し古河公方となった。幕府は新たに足利政知を鎌倉公方に任じたが，鎌倉に入部できず伊豆堀越にとどまり，堀越公方と称された。1491年政知の死により名実ともに鎌倉公方は消滅した。→稲村御所
→関連項目足利氏｜足利成氏｜足利持氏｜足利基氏｜足利義持｜小山田荘｜公方｜執事｜浄妙寺

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