Małopolska (English spelling)

Japanese: マウォポルスカ(英語表記)Małopolska
Małopolska (English spelling)
Historical name of the southern and southeastern part of Poland. Also called Little Poland. Land of the Wiślanie people, it became part of the Polish state at the end of the 10th century. The name is derived from the Latin poloniaminor, given to distinguish it from the historic Poznan-Kalisz region (Poloniamajor, Wielkopolska). The region prospered more than other parts of Poland because of the early development of mining and ironworks, fertile soil, important trade routes and many towns, and had a large voice in politics. As a result of the partitions of Poland, most of the region came under Austrian (Galicia) control, and some areas came under Russian control. In 1809, the Austrian-occupied areas north of the Wisła and San rivers became part of the Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815, the Kingdom of Russian Poland (Congress Kingdom). The area around Kraków became the Kraków Republic (1815-46), but was later incorporated into Austria. In 1918, the area, except for the eastern part, became part of the new Poland. Medieval wooden churches still remain in this area, and in 2003 it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ポーランドの南部と南東部を含む歴史的地方名。別称小ポーランド。ウィシラーニェ人の土地で,10世紀末にポーランド国家の一部となった。歴史の古いポズナン・カリシュ地域 (ポロニアマヨール,ウィエルコポルスカ ) と区別するためにつけられたラテン語のポロニアミノールから出た名称。マウォポルスカ地方は鉱業,製鉄業が早くから発達し,土地が肥沃なうえ,重要な交易路や多くの町があったため,ポーランドの他の地域より栄え,政治にも大きな発言力をもっていた。ポーランド分割の結果,大部分の地域がオーストリア (ガリチア) の,一部の地域がロシアの支配下に入った。 1809年ウィスワ川とサン川の北側のオーストリア占領地域がワルシャワ公国に,さらに 1815年ロシア領ポーランド王国 (会議王国) に入った。クラクフ一帯はクラクフ共和国 (1815~46) となったが,のちオーストリアに編入された。 1918年東部地域を除いて,新生ポーランドの領土となった。この地域一帯には中世の木造教会群がいまも残り,2003年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。

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