Meinecke - Friedrich Meinecke

Japanese: マイネッケ - まいねっけ(英語表記)Friedrich Meinecke
Meinecke - Friedrich Meinecke

German historian. Born in Salzwedel, a small city in Prussia. When his father, a postmaster, was transferred, his family moved to Berlin. He entered the University of Berlin in 1882, and was so impressed by Droysen's lectures that he decided to study history. He graduated in 1886 and began working at the Prussian State Archive. In 1890, he was commissioned by Siebel to edit the history journal Historische Zeitschrift, and contributed to the development of German history as its chief editor for many years after Siebel's death. In 1901, he became a full professor of modern history at the University of Strasbourg, and in 1906 he moved to the University of Freiburg. In 1907, he published Cosmopolitanism and the Nation-State, which instantly elevated Meinecke's name in the German historical academic world, and he also actively published current affairs commentary in newspapers. In 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I, he returned to his alma mater, the University of Berlin. During the war, he associated with politicians such as Bethmann Hollweg. After the war ended with Germany's defeat, the Weimar Republic was established, and he also worked hard to rebuild Germany. His second representative work from this period was "The Idea of ​​State Reason in Modern History" (1924), which was based on his reflections on the war. He retired from the university in 1928, but around the time the Nazis took power in 1933, he came under increasing pressure and was forced to resign as chairman of the National Historical Committee and editor of the Historische Zeitschrift. His third representative work from this period was "The Rise of Historicism" (1936), which examined modern historicism. After Germany's surrender in 1945, he taught at the occupied University of Berlin, and when the Free University of Berlin was founded in 1948, he was recommended as its first president.

He is the greatest modern German historian who inherited Ranke's orthodox historiography, and experienced the historical upheavals of the founding and end of Bismarck's Second Reich and the collapse of Hitler's Third Reich, imprinting them on his own research. The new theory of ideal-based political history that appears in his masterpieces has made Meinecke's name immortal.

[Teiji Nishimura]

"Modern German Historiography" by Nishimura Teiji (1968, Miraisha)""Meinecke" by Nishimura Teiji (1981, Shimizu Shoin)""Collection of Essays on German History" by Hayashi Kentaro (1976, Chuokoron-Shinsha)""Studies on the Intellectual History of German Historiography" by Kishida Tatsuya (1976, Minerva Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの歴史家。プロイセンの小都市ザルツウェーデルに生まれる。郵便局長の父の転勤に伴い、一家はベルリンへ移る。1882年ベルリン大学に入学し、ドロイゼンの講義に感銘し、歴史学研究を志す。86年に同大学を卒業し、プロイセン国家文書館に奉職した。90年、ジーベルの委嘱で歴史学専門誌『ヒストーリッシェ・ツァイトシュリフト』の編集に従事、ジーベル亡きあと長く編集主幹としてドイツ歴史学の発達に寄与する。1901年シュトラスブルク(ストラスブール)大学近世史正教授となり、06年フライブルク大学に転じる。07年、マイネッケの名を一躍ドイツ史学界に高めた『世界市民主義と国民国家』を公刊し、かたわら新聞に時事評論を盛んに発表する。14年、第一次世界大戦が勃発(ぼっぱつ)してまもなく母校ベルリン大学に戻る。戦時中はベートマン・ホルウェークなどの政治家と交わった。大戦がドイツの敗北をもって終わると、ワイマール共和政が成立し、彼もドイツ再建のために尽力した。この期の第二の代表作が24年の『近代史における国家理性の理念』であり、大戦の反省に裏づけられている。28年に大学を退職したが、33年にナチスが政権を掌握した前後からしだいに圧迫を受け、国立歴史委員会会長や『ヒストーリッシェ・ツァイトシュリフト』編集者を辞めることを強いられた。この期の第三の代表作が近代歴史主義を研究した『歴史主義の成立』(1936)である。45年にドイツが降伏してから占領下のベルリン大学の教壇に立ったが、48年にベルリン自由大学が創立されると、その初代総長に推された。

 彼は、ランケの正統派史学を継承した現代ドイツ最大の歴史家であって、ビスマルク第二帝国の建設と終末、ヒトラー第三帝国の崩壊という歴史的変動を身をもって体験し、これを自己の研究に刻印づけた。代表作に現れた新しい理念史的政治史学は、マイネッケの名を不朽ならしめている。

[西村貞二]

『西村貞二著『現代ドイツの歴史学』(1968・未来社)』『西村貞二著『マイネッケ』(1981・清水書院)』『林健太郎著『ドイツ史論集』(1976・中央公論社)』『岸田達也著『ドイツ史学思想史研究』(1976・ミネルヴァ書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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