Honda Kotaro - Honda Kotaro

Japanese: 本多光太郎 - ほんだこうたろう
Honda Kotaro - Honda Kotaro

Physicist. Born in Yahagi-cho, Aichi Prefecture (now Okazaki City). Graduated from the Department of Physics at the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University in 1897 (Meiji 30), he went on to graduate school and received his Doctor of Science degree in 1906 (Meiji 39). The following year, in 1907, he was offered a professorship at Tohoku Imperial University, and in the same year studied abroad in Germany. Returning to Japan in 1911, he took up the position of professor at Tohoku Imperial University, and in 1919 (Taisho 8), he became director of the university's attached Steel Research Institute (later the Institute for Materials Research), and in 1922, he became director of the Institute for Materials Research. In 1931 (Showa 6), he became president of the university. In 1949, he became president of Tokyo University of Science.

At Tokyo Imperial University, he studied magnetostriction under the guidance of Nagaoka Hantaro, and later conducted research into the physical metallurgy of steel and iron alloys. In 1916 (Taisho 5), together with Takagi Hiromu (1886-1967), he invented KS magnet steel. This was a permanent magnet with four times the coercive force of tungsten magnet steel, which was considered the best at the time. The name KS was taken from the initials of the research assistant, Sumitomo Kichizaemon (15th Tomozumi, 1865-1926). However, this invention was not industrialized in Japan, and the US patent was transferred to Western Electric (now Alcatel-Lucent), which put it to practical use in the US. This magnet was the world's best permanent magnet until MK steel was invented by Mishima Tokushichi in 1931 and the new KS steel was invented by Honda, Masumoto Kaoru, and Shirakawa Yuki in 1933.

His many students achieved international success, and the Tohoku University Institute for Materials Research became the world's mecca in this field. In 1937 (Showa 12), he became the first president of the Japan Institute of Metals when it was founded. He received the Imperial Academy Prize (1916) and the first Order of Culture (1937).

[Toshio Yamazaki]

[Reference item] | KS steel | Nagaoka Hantaro | Increased quantity | Mishima Tokushichi
Honda Kotaro
©Shogakukan Library ">

Honda Kotaro


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

物理学者。愛知県矢作(やはぎ)町(現、岡崎市)生まれ。1897年(明治30)東京帝国大学理科大学物理学科を卒業、大学院に進み1906年(明治39)理学博士の学位を得た。翌1907年、東北帝国大学教授に内定、同年ドイツに留学。1911年帰国して東北帝大教授の職につき、1919年(大正8)には同大学附属鉄鋼研究所(のち金属材料研究所)所長、1922年金属材料研究所所長となり、1931年(昭和6)同大学総長に就任した。1949年からは東京理科大学学長。

 東京帝大では長岡半太郎の指導で磁気歪(じきひずみ)を研究し、のち鉄鋼および鉄合金の物理冶金学(やきんがく)的研究を進めた。1916年(大正5)高木弘(たかぎひろむ)(1886―1967)とともにKS磁石鋼を発明した。これは当時最優秀とされたタングステン磁石鋼と比べて保磁力が4倍ほども大きな永久磁石であった。KSというのは研究援助者の住友吉左衛門(すみともきちざえもん)(15代友純(ともいと)、1865―1926)の頭(かしら)文字をとったものである。しかしこの発明は日本では工業化されず、そのアメリカ特許権はウエスタン・エレクトリック社(現、アルカテル・ルーセント社)に譲渡され、アメリカで実用化された。この磁石は1931年に三島徳七がMK鋼、1933年に本多と増本量(ますもとはかる)、白川勇記(しらかわゆうき)によって新KS鋼が発明されるまで世界でもっとも優れた永久磁石であった。

 彼の多くの門下から国際的業績が生まれ、東北大金属材料研究所は、この分野における世界のメッカとなった。1937年(昭和12)日本金属学会創立とともに初代会長に就任。帝国学士院賞(1916)、第1回文化勲章(1937)を受けた。

[山崎俊雄]

[参照項目] | KS鋼 | 長岡半太郎 | 増本量 | 三島徳七
本多光太郎
©小学館ライブラリー">

本多光太郎


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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