An evergreen tall tree of the family Polytrichum commune (APG classification: Polytrichum commune). Large trees can reach a height of about 20 meters. The leaves are alternate, oblanceolate or narrowly oblong, thick, with blunt sawtooth edges, and hairless. In late spring, racemes are produced in the axils of the previous year's branches, and white flowers bloom. There are five sepals and petals. The petals are obovate wedge-shaped, with the upper halves narrowly lobed. There are many stamens with short filaments, and the anthers are slender and hairy at the tips. There is one pistil. The drupe is elliptical, about 1.5 cm long, and dark black-blue in color. It grows in evergreen forests, and is distributed from the southern Kanto region to the west of Honshu, Okinawa, the southern Korean Peninsula, central and southern China, and Vietnam. The name comes from the misunderstanding that the fruit is an olive and that the tree produces olive oil, i.e. "Portuguese oil". In the Kagoshima dialect, it is called "Mogashi". The bark, branches and leaves are used for dyes, and the wood is used as logs for growing shiitake mushrooms. [Kyoshio Furusawa June 23, 2020] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ホルトノキ科(APG分類:ホルトノキ科)の常緑高木。大きなものは約20メートルになる。葉は互生し、倒披針(とうひしん)形または狭長楕円(だえん)形、厚く縁(へり)に鈍い鋸歯(きょし)があり、毛はない。晩春、前年枝の葉腋(ようえき)に総状花序をつくり、白色花を開く。萼片(がくへん)、花弁ともに5枚。花弁は倒卵状くさび形で、上半部は細裂する。雄しべは多数で花糸は短く、葯(やく)は細長くて先端に毛がある。雌しべは1本。核果は楕円形で長さ約1.5センチメートル、濃黒青色を帯びる。常緑樹林内に生え、関東地方南部以西の本州から沖縄、および朝鮮半島南部、中国中南部、ベトナムに分布する。名は、果実をオリーブの実と誤り、オリーブ油すなわち「ポルトガルの油」をとる木と思い違いしたことによる。また、鹿児島県の方言でモガシという。樹皮、枝葉は染料に、材はシイタケ栽培の榾木(ほたぎ)に使う。 [古澤潔夫 2020年6月23日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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