Hozumi Yatsuka

Japanese: 穂積八束 - ほづみ・やつか

Year of death: October 5, 1912
Year of birth: 1860.3.17 (12.25)
A constitutional law scholar from the Meiji period. Born in Uwajima Domain (Ehime Prefecture). His father was Hozumi Shigeki and he was the younger brother of Chin Shige. He graduated from the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo in 1883 (Meiji 16). He studied in Germany from 1884 to 1890, and was influenced by Laband, returning to Japan just before the promulgation of the Constitution and becoming the first professor of constitutional law at the University of Tokyo. He attacked the Emperor Organ Theory, stating that "the Emperor is the state," and based imperial sovereignty on the theory of ancestor worship, and opposed Boissonade's civil code, saying that "loyalty and filial piety are lost in the civil code." His conservative and authoritarian constitutional theory, which advocated the absolute immutability of imperial sovereignty as the "national polity" and viewed party cabinets as unconstitutional, was isolated in academia, but he was influential as an imperially appointed member of the House of Peers, an imperial court advisor, and a textbook writer. During the Minobe-Uesugi debate over the Emperor Organ Theory in 1911-1912, he urged Minister of Education Yoshihito Okuda to intervene, and published anonymous articles attacking Minobe in the newspapers. He died after catching a cold while attending the funeral of Emperor Meiji. There are many anecdotes about him, such as riding a horse to school. <Works> "Constitutional Principles" <References> Ryuichi Nagao "Studies in the History of Japanese Legal Thought"

(Ryuichi Nagao)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：大正1.10.5(1912)
生年：万延1.2.25(1860.3.17)
明治時代の憲法学者。宇和島藩(愛媛県)出身。父は穂積重樹。陳重の弟。明治16(1883)年東大文学部政治学科卒。井上毅に嘱望され,17～22年ドイツ留学,ラーバントの影響を受けて,憲法発布直前に帰国,東大初代の憲法教授となる。「天皇即国家」であるとして天皇機関説を攻撃,祖先崇拝論によって天皇主権を基礎づけ,「民法出テテ忠孝亡フ」とボアソナード民法に反対した。天皇主権を「国体」としてその絶対不変を唱え,政党内閣を憲法違反とするなど,保守的・権力的憲法論は学界で孤立したが,貴族院勅選議員,宮中顧問官,また教科書執筆者としても影響力を持った。明治44～45年の天皇機関説をめぐる美濃部・上杉論争に際しては,奥田義人文相に介入を働きかけ,新聞に匿名の美濃部攻撃文を掲載した。明治天皇の大葬に参列した際の風邪をこじらせ死亡した。馬で登校するなど逸話も多い。<著作>『憲法提要』<参考文献>長尾龍一『日本法思想史研究』

(長尾龍一)

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