Potsdam Conference - Potsdam Conference

Japanese: ポツダム会談 - ぽつだむかいだん(英語表記)Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference - Potsdam Conference

A meeting of the heads of the governments of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union held in Potsdam (Cecilienhof Palace) near Berlin from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to discuss the issues arising from the end of World War II. Attended by President Truman and Secretary of State Byrnes on the American side, Prime Minister Stalin and Foreign Minister Molotov on the Soviet side, and initially by Prime Minister Churchill and Foreign Minister Eden (until July 25), and later, as a result of the change of government in Britain, by Prime Minister Attlee and Foreign Secretary Bevan (from July 28), were also in attendance.

On the first day of the conference, it was agreed to draft peace treaties with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland, and to set up a Council of Foreign Ministers to prepare a peace arrangement for Germany. However, thereafter, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union disagreed over how to deal with Germany, and the conference continued to be difficult. The biggest points of contention were the issue of collecting reparations from Germany and the issue of demarcating Germany's eastern border and Poland's western border. Regarding the issue of reparations, the Soviet Union, the country that suffered the most during the war, demanded nearly $10 billion in reparations from all of Germany, while the United States and Britain insisted that each country collect reparations from its own occupied territories to the extent that Germany could maintain a standard of living that did not exceed the European average (excluding Britain and the Soviet Union). Regarding Germany's eastern border, i.e., Poland's western border, the Soviet Union demanded that Polish territory be extended to the line of the Oder and West Neisse rivers (the Oder-Neisse line), which the United States and Britain opposed. Thus, it was unclear almost until the very end of the conference whether an agreement would be reached. However, on July 31, a compromise was reached on the issue of reparations, and the issue of Poland's western border was also resolved by reaffirming the Yalta Agreement, which stated that "the final demarcation of the border must await a peace conference." On August 2, the three leaders, Truman, Stalin, and Attlee, signed a communique that included principles for dealing with Germany.

The historical significance of this meeting is extremely great, as it included the announcement of the Potsdam Declaration for Japan during the meeting and the establishment of the principles for German occupation and control.

[Mitsuo Fukaya]

[References] | World War II | Potsdam Declaration

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

第二次世界大戦の終結により生ずる諸問題を討議するため、1945年7月17日から8月2日まで、ベルリン近郊のポツダム(チェチリエンホーフ宮殿)において開催された米英ソ三国政府首脳の会談。アメリカ側は大統領トルーマンとバーンズ国務長官、ソ連側は首相スターリンと外相モロトフ、イギリス側は、最初首相チャーチルと外相イーデン(7月25日まで)、のちイギリス国内での政権交代の結果、首相アトリーと外相ベバン(7月28日から)らが出席した。

 会議では、第1日目、イタリア、ルーマニア、ブルガリア、ハンガリーおよびフィンランドとの平和条約を起草し、対独平和取決めを準備するための外相理事会を設置することに合意したものの、以後はドイツに対する処理をめぐって、米英とソ連とが対立し、会議は難航を続けた。とくに大きな対立点をなしたのは、ドイツからの賠償取り立ての問題と、ドイツ東部国境=ポーランド西部国境画定の問題である。賠償問題につき、大戦中の最大の被害国であるソ連は、全ドイツから100億ドル近い賠償額を要求し、一方米英は、ドイツがヨーロッパ平均(英ソを除く)を超えない生活水準を維持できる限度内で、各国がそれぞれの占領地帯から賠償を取り立てることを主張した。また、ドイツの東部国境すなわちポーランド西部国境については、ソ連がポーランドの領土をオーデル川および西ナイセ川の線(オーデル‐ナイセ・ライン)にまで拡大することを要求し、米英はこれに反対を唱えた。こうして会談は、ほとんど最後まで一致が得られるかどうかわからないありさまであった。しかし、7月31日賠償問題について妥協案が得られ、ポーランド西部国境についても、「その最終的画定は平和会議をまたなければならない」というヤルタ方式を再確認することで解決がなった。8月2日、トルーマン、スターリン、アトリーの三首脳は、対独処理原則を含むコミュニケに署名した。

 会談開催途中における対日ポツダム宣言の発表といい、ドイツ占領管理原則の確定といい、本会談の歴史的意義はきわめて大きい。

[深谷満雄]

[参照項目] | 第二次世界大戦 | ポツダム宣言

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Potsdam Decree - Potsdam Decree

>>:  Potsdam (English spelling)

Recommend

Akron (English spelling)

A city in northeastern Ohio, United States. Founde...

Kawachi city

...A city in the eastern part of Osaka Prefecture...

Alcestis - Alcestis

…In Homer, he is the brother of Hypnos (sleep), a...

The Righteousness of the Evil One

Shinran's characteristic thoughts on Nembutsu....

Thunnus tonggol (English spelling) Thunnustonggol

…[Shinichi Suzuki]. … *Some of the terminology th...

Sidon

An ancient Phoenician city-state on the Mediterran...

Méker burner (English spelling)

…The principle of the Bunsen burner is widely use...

Premature beat

What is the disease? A premature ventricular cont...

Kobayashi Kokei

Japanese painter. Born in Niigata Prefecture on F...

Ihara Yarimizo ruins

…A group of ruins from the Yayoi period to the ea...

Private monk - Shidoso

Under the Ritsuryo system, monks and nuns were ord...

Tamamatsu Misao

A pro-kingdom scholar from the end of the Edo per...

Social education

Educational activities carried out in society out...

Correction/Decision

Under the self-assessment system, the amount of ta...

Yuharu Atsuta

1905-1992 A film cameraman from the Showa era. Bo...