Potsdam (English spelling)

Japanese: ポツダム（英語表記）Potsdam

The capital of the state of Brandenburg in eastern Germany. It borders southwestern Berlin and straddles the Havel River. It was the capital of Potsdam Province (formerly East Germany) from 1952 to 1990. It is famous as the site of the Potsdam Conference, which decided the post-war settlement of World War II. Founded as a Slavic settlement in the 10th century, it gained city rights in the 14th century. It has been the residence of electors since the time of Elector Frederick William in 1640, and developed especially after Frederick II (reigned 1740-1786) built a royal palace. Industries include locomotive manufacturing, machinery, electrical equipment, textiles, and food manufacturing, as well as many academic research institutes, such as the academies of politics, law, and film. The palaces and gardens scattered throughout the region, including the Rococo-style Sanssouci Palace (1745-47), known as the German Versailles, and the Baroque-style New Palace (1763-69), were registered as World Heritage sites in 1990. There are also many historical buildings, such as the Brandenburg Gate (1789-94) and St. Nicholas Cathedral (1830-37). Cecilienhof Palace in the northern suburbs, where the Potsdam Conference was held, was later turned into a hotel. Population: 154,606 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ドイツ東部，ブランデンブルク州の州都。ベルリンの南西部に接し，ハーフェル川にまたがる。 1952～90年ポツダム県 (旧東ドイツ) の県都。第2次世界大戦の戦後処理を決めたポツダム会談の地として有名。 10世紀にスラブ人の集落として成立し，14世紀に都市権を獲得。 1640年大選帝侯フリードリヒ・ウィルヘルムのとき以来選帝侯の居地となり，フリードリヒ2世 (在位 1740～86) が王宮を建設してから特に発展した。機関車製造，機械，電気機器，繊維，食品工業などが行なわれるほか，政治，法律，映画のアカデミーなど学問の研究機関も多い。ドイツのベルサイユと呼ばれるロココ様式のサンスーシ宮殿 (1745～47) ，バロック様式の新宮殿 (1763～69) をはじめ，ベルリンにいたる地域に散在する宮殿と庭園は，1990年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。ブランデンブルク門 (1789～94) ，聖ニコラウス聖堂 (1830～37) などの歴史的建築物も多い。ポツダム会談の行なわれた北郊のツェツィリエンホーフ宮殿はその後ホテルとなった。人口 15万4606（2010）。

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