Khotan - Hotan (English spelling)

Japanese: ホータン - ほーたん(英語表記)Khotan
Khotan - Hotan (English spelling)

The term refers to the oasis on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, and the prefecture-level city that is its center. Hotan City is the seat of the government office of the Hotan region, with a population of 321,100 (2011). It is irrigated by rivers flowing north from the Kunlun Mountains. It has long been known as a strategic location on the East-West negotiation route, and was already a large and prosperous oasis when it first appeared in Chinese history books in the 2nd century BC. In ancient times, Hotan was called Yutian, and was inhabited by Aryan people who spoke an Iranian language. It flourished as a Buddhist kingdom headed by the Bijaya (Yuchi) royal family, and was internationally famous for its specialty product, jade.

However, the Turkification and conversion to Islam of the inhabitants that progressed throughout Central Asia was also seen in Hotan in the 11th century, and due to changes in the East-West trade route, it became nothing more than a regional center. The Kashgar Line connects to Kashgar, and Hotan Airport is located about 12 kilometers south of the city center.

[Hori Nao, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018]

[Reference item] | Tarim Basin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、新疆(しんきょう)ウイグル自治区のタリム盆地の南辺にあるオアシス、およびその中心となる県級市をさす。ホータン市はホータン地区の公署所在地で、人口32万1100(2011)。崑崙(こんろん)山脈から北流する河川によって灌漑(かんがい)されている。古くから東西交渉路上の要地として有名で、紀元前2世紀、初めて中国史書に登場するころにはすでに相当に繁栄している大オアシスであった。古代のホータンは于闐(うてん)とよばれ、イラン語系のことばを使うアーリア系住民が住み、ビジャヤ(尉遅(うっち))王家をいただく仏教王国として栄え、特産品の玉(ぎょく)をもって国際的に著名であった。

 しかし、中央アジアの全域に進行した住民のトルコ化やイスラム教への改宗が、11世紀のホータンでもみられ、東西交渉路が変化したこともあって、単なる一地方の中心にすぎなくなってしまった。カシュガルまでつながる喀和(かくわ)線が通じるほか、市中心部から南約12キロメートルにはホータン空港がある。

[堀 直・編集部 2018年1月19日]

[参照項目] | タリム盆地

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Button - Button

>>:  Botallo duct - Botallo duct (English spelling) ductus Botalli

Recommend

Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa

1532‐92? Spanish navigator. He traveled to Mexico ...

Kitakami Highlands

A mountain range in the northeastern part of the ...

Xi'an Forest of Steles

This is a collection and preservation center for s...

Pharmacology - pharmacology

It is a science that studies how chemical substan...

Burgess fauna

A unique fossil fauna found in the Burgess Shale ...

Isoneggi - Isoneggi

…Rocky coasts are called iso or isohama, as oppos...

burrow

...The concept thus expanded is also applied to a...

Iris reticulata - Iris reticulata

…The Spanish iris, native to southern France, the...

Autorotation

…Cyclic pitch control was first used in Pescara&#...

Warty - Warty

A marine animal belonging to the phylum Coelenter...

Kana Kagiya - Keyakizaka

The creator of Iyo Kasuri. Born to a farmer in Im...

Masuza - Masuza

The Edo Shogunate established this organization i...

Kanzo Kuroki

A researcher of early modern theater and Joruri. ...

Shirakawa Domain

This domain ruled the area around Shirakawa in Mu...

Alexander, Samuel

Born: January 6, 1859, Sydney [Died] September 13,...