Hirosawa Hosoi

A Confucian scholar in the mid-Edo period. His maiden name was Tsuji. After he turned 30, he reverted to his original surname, Hosoi. His given name was Tomochika, and his pen name was Kokin. He was commonly known as Ben'an and Jirodayu. Hirosawa was a pen name. His other names included Kikuso, Shiisai, Shorin'an, Tamagawa, and Kishodo. He was born in Kakegawa, Totomi Province (Shizuoka Prefecture) in the first year of the Manji era. His father, Gensa, served the Kakegawa Domain, and later the Akashi Domain. In 1668 (Kanbun 8), he went to Edo and became a disciple of Sakai Zenken. He first studied Zhu Xi philosophy, and later switched to Yangmingism. He also taught the calligraphy of Ming Dynasty scholar Yurittoku to Kitajima Setsun. He lived in Bakuro-cho (Chuo Ward, Tokyo) and opened a private school. In 1693 (Genroku 6), he became a Confucian scholar under Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu and was awarded 200 koku. He also served as the head of a rifle unit, and devoted himself to the search for and restoration of various tombs whose whereabouts were unknown. He retired about 10 years later. During the Kyoho era (1716-1736), he was appointed as a police officer in the 100-man unit of the shogunate, and was relieved of his duties in order to help compile the shogunate's laws. He died on December 23, 1717, aged 78. He was buried at Manganji Temple, Chikozan, Shingon, Todoroki Village, Ebara County, Musashi Province (Setagaya Ward, Tokyo). Hirosawa was famous as a calligrapher, and was well versed in painting, waka poetry, military science, swords, spears, archery, horse riding, martial arts, astronomy, and surveying, and was particularly skilled in land surveying. His works include "Shoryo Shuen Jyujiki," "Kishodo Hitsuyo," "Hitsuho Shakumyo," and "Hiden Chikai Zuho Daizensho" (1717).

[Masahiko Miyake July 19, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の儒者。旧姓は辻(つじ)。30歳以後、本姓の細井に復する。名は知慎(ともちか)、字(あざな)は公謹(こうきん)。通称は弁庵、次郎太夫(じろうだゆう)。広沢は号。別名は菊叢(きくそう)、思貽斎(しいさい)、蕉林庵、玉川、奇勝堂。万治(まんじ)元年遠江(とおとうみ)国（静岡県）掛川(かけがわ)に生まれる。父玄佐は掛川藩、のち明石藩に仕える。1668年（寛文8）江戸に出て坂井漸軒(さかいぜんけん)に入門。初め朱子学を学び、のち陽明学に転ずる。また、北島雪山(きたじませつざん)に明(みん)人兪立徳(ゆりっとく)の書法を伝えられる。馬喰(ばくろう)町（東京都中央区）に居住し、家塾を開く。1693年（元禄6）柳沢吉保(やなぎさわよしやす)の儒臣となり、200石を与えられる。鉄砲組の組頭(くみがしら)をも勤める一方、所在不明の諸陵の探索・復旧に尽力。約10年後、致仕。享保(きょうほう)年間（1716～1736）幕府の百人組の同心に任用され、とくに本務を免ぜられて幕府法制の編集に従った。享保20年12月23日没、78歳。武蔵(むさし)国荏原(えばら)郡等々力(とどろき)村（東京都世田谷(せたがや)区）の真言(しんごん)宗致航山(ちこうざん)満願寺(まんがんじ)に葬られる。広沢は書家として著名であり、絵画、和歌、兵学、剣槍弓馬、拳法(けんぽう)、天文測量に通じ、とくに検地の法に熟達した。著書に『諸陵周垣成就記(しょりょうしゅうえんじょうじゅき)』『奇勝堂筆余』『筆法釈名』『秘伝地域図法大全書』（1717）などがある。

［三宅正彦　2016年7月19日］

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