A unit of cosmological time in ancient India. Kali was originally a gambling term. In India, a large number of nuts were scattered in a gambling hall, and the gamblers decided the outcome based on the number of nuts they caught or the number of nuts remaining. If the number was divisible by 4, it was called Krita, the best, and if it was not divisible and had 1 left over, it was called Kali, the worst. According to this gambling terminology, the duration of the universe was divided into four: Krita Yuga (1,728,000 years), Treta Yuga (1,296,000 years), Dvapara Yuga (864,000 years), and Kali Yuga (432,000 years). Of these, the three periods other than Kali belong to the past, and it is said that we are currently in the Kali Yuga. The gradual decrease in these years symbolizes the decline of human physical and moral qualities. Therefore, the Krita period is based on a pessimistic view of history that says that the ancient human race was in its golden age, and that it has been degenerating over the years to the present day, and in that sense it is close to the Buddhist concept of the period of the Buddha. The total number of the four yugas further forms one great yuga (Maha Yuga). [Hara Minoru] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代インドにおける宇宙論的時間の単位。カリとは元来賭博(とばく)用語で、インドでは木の実を多数賭場(とば)に撒(ま)き、賭博者はつかみとった若干のその実の数、あるいは残った実の数によって勝負を決めた。その数が4で割り切れる場合はクリタと称して最善とし、割り切れずに1を余す場合をカリとよんで最悪とした。そしてこの賭博用語に従い、宇宙の存続時間をクリタ・ユガ(172万8000年)、トレーター・ユガ(129万6000年)、ドバーパラ・ユガ(86万4000年)、カリ・ユガ(43万2000年)に四分した。このうちカリ期以外の三つは過去に属し、現在はカリ・ユガにあるといわれている。これらの年数の漸次的減少は、人間の体力的、道徳的素質の低下を象徴している。したがってクリタ期は古き人類の黄金時代で、年とともに堕落して現在に至っているという悲観的な歴史観を基礎としており、その意味で仏教の正像末(しょうぞうまつ)の概念に近い。なお4ユガの総数は、さらに一つの大(マハー)ユガを形成している。 [原 實] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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