Originally, in the West, it was a general term for alcohol, or distilled alcoholic beverages with a strong alcohol content, such as whiskey, brandy, gin, rum, and vodka. In Japan, the Liquor Tax Act refers to distilled alcoholic beverages, excluding shochu and whiskey (whisky and brandy), with an extract content of less than two degrees (sweet beverages with an extract content of two degrees or more are classified as liqueurs). Typical examples include rum, vodka, and gin. Rum is made by fermenting and distilling sugarcane molasses. It has a unique sweet aroma and taste. Vodka is made by saccharifying and fermenting starch such as barley, distilling the alcohol in a continuous still (patent still), and refining it through a layer of birch charcoal, and is characterized by its odorlessness and sweet taste. Gin is made from grains, distilled with juniper berries, and has a unique aroma. Other varieties include tequila, which originates in Mexico, and aquavit, which comes from Scandinavian countries. [Yuichi Akiyama] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本来、欧米ではアルコール(酒精)、あるいはウイスキー、ブランデー、ジン、ラム、ウォツカなどアルコール分の強い蒸留酒の総称。わが国の酒税法では、焼酎(しょうちゅう)やウイスキー類(ウイスキーおよびブランデー)を除いた蒸留酒で、エキス分が二度未満のものをいう(エキス分二度以上の甘口のものはリキュール類として区分)。代表的なものとしてラム、ウォツカ、ジンがこれに属する。ラムはサトウキビの糖蜜(とうみつ)を原料として、発酵、蒸留してつくる。特有の甘い香りと味がある。ウォツカはオオムギなどのデンプン質を糖化、発酵させ、連続式蒸留機(パテントスチル)で蒸留したアルコールを白樺(しらかば)炭の層を通して精製したもので、無臭で甘い味が特色。ジンは穀類を原料とし、ジュニパーベリー(ネズの実)を加えて蒸留した酒で特有の香りをもつ。このほかにメキシコ原産のテキーラやスカンジナビア諸国のアクアビットがある。 [秋山裕一] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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