The name of the track of West Japan Railway Company. 176.6 km between Maibara (Shiga Prefecture) and Kanazawa (Ishikawa Prefecture). Double track and electrified (alternating current; direct current between Maibara and Tsuruga). Until the extension of the Hokuriku Shinkansen to Nagano and Kanazawa in 2015, the 353.8 km between Maibara and Naoetsu (Niigata Prefecture) was the Hokuriku Main Line, which ran along the coast of the Hokuriku region (Japan Sea Transverse Line), connecting Fukui, Ishikawa, and Toyama prefectures with major cities in western Niigata Prefecture. The Maibara-Kanegasaki sections were opened as branch lines of the Tokaido Line between 1882 and 1884 (Meiji 15-17) and 1889, followed by the Tsuruga-Toyama section between 1896 and 1899 and the Toyama-Naoetsu section between 1908 and 1913 (Meiji 41-Taisho 2). An industrial region centered on Toyama was established around the time of World War II, and with the invigoration of economic activity in the three Hokuriku prefectures and the development of their prefectural capitals from the 1950s onwards, demand for transport on the Hokuriku Main Line increased, leading to the elimination of the steep gradient sections with 25‰ (per mille), which had been a transport bottleneck, as well as electrification and double tracking. The steep gradients between Kinomoto and Tsuruga and between Tsuruga and Imajo were eliminated by the construction of long tunnels such as the Fukasaka Tunnel (5,170 meters long, opened in 1957) and the Hokuriku Tunnel (13,870 meters long, opened in 1962), and the landslide area between Itoigawa and Naoetsu was also improved and double-tracked through the construction of six tunnels, including the Kubiki Tunnel (11,353 meters long) (opened in 1969). The Tamura-Tsuruga section was opened in 1957 (Showa 32) as the first main line electrified with alternating current, and electrification of the entire section north of Tsuruga was completed between 1962 and 1969. Double-tracking was also completed by 1969. In 1974, when the Kosei Line's Yamashina-Omishiotsu section opened, all direct trains between the Keihan area and the Hokuriku area began to run via this line, and the Kosei Line has come to function as a de facto shortcut and bypass for the Hokuriku Main Line. The current improved Hokuriku Main Line is the most suitable conventional line for high-speed operation, and is home to express trains such as the Thunderbird and Shirasagi. To increase the convenience of direct service to the Keihanshin area, the Tamura-Nagahama section was converted to DC electrification in September 1991, and the Nagahama-Tsuruga section was converted to DC electrification in October 2006. In March 2015, with the extension of the Hokuriku Shinkansen between Nagano and Kanazawa, the Kanazawa-Kurikara section was transferred to the IR Ishikawa Railway, the Kurikara-Ichiburi section to the Ainokaze Toyama Railway, and the Ichiburi-Naoetsu section to the Echigo Tokimeki Railway, with most of the railways being transferred to third sector operators in each prefecture. [Eiichi Aoki and Ryo Aoki, August 19, 2015] "Minami Masatoki (ed.), "JR Encyclopedia: Traveling by Railroad" (2003, Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha) [Reference items] | Line|Obama Line| | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
西日本旅客鉄道の線路名称。米原(まいばら)(滋賀県)―金沢(石川県)間176.6キロメートル。全線複線、電化(交流。米原―敦賀(つるが)間は直流)。2015年(平成27)の北陸新幹線長野―金沢間延伸までは、米原―直江津(なおえつ)(新潟県)間の353.8キロメートルが北陸本線で、北陸地方の海岸部を縦断する幹線鉄道(日本海縦貫線)として、福井、石川、富山各県と新潟県西部の主要都市を結んだ。1882~1884年(明治15~17)および1889年に東海道線の支線として米原―金ヶ崎(かねがさき)間が開業し、1896~1899年敦賀―富山間、1908~1913年(明治41~大正2)富山―直江津間が開業した。第二次世界大戦前後に富山を中心とする工業地域が成立し、また1950年代以降における北陸3県の経済活動の活発化と各県庁所在都市の発展によって、北陸本線の輸送需要も高まり、輸送上のネックとなっていた25‰(パーミル)の急勾配(こうばい)区間の解消、電化、複線化が急速に進んだ。木ノ本(きのもと)―敦賀間、敦賀―今庄(いまじょう)間の急勾配区間はそれぞれ深坂トンネル(長さ5170メートル、1957年開通)、北陸トンネル(長さ1万3870メートル、1962年開通)などの長大トンネルの開削によって解消し、糸魚川(いといがわ)―直江津間の地すべり地帯も頸城(くびき)トンネル(長さ1万1353メートル)など6本のトンネルによって線路の改良と複線化が行われた(1969年開通)。1957年(昭和32)に田村―敦賀間が日本における最初の幹線交流電化区間として開通し、1962~1969年に敦賀以北の全区間の電化を完了した。複線化も1969年までに完成した。1974年、湖西(こせい)線山科(やましな)―近江塩津(おうみしおつ)間が開業すると、京阪地方と北陸地方との間に直通する列車はすべて同線経由となり、湖西線は事実上北陸本線の短絡線・バイパス線としての機能をもつに至っている。改良された現在の北陸本線は在来線としてはもっとも高速運転に適した路線として整備されており、特急「サンダーバード」「しらさぎ」などが走る。京阪神地区との直通運転の利便性を高めるため、1991年(平成3)9月に田村―長浜(ながはま)間、2006年10月に長浜―敦賀間が直流電化に転換された。 なお、2015年3月、北陸新幹線の長野―金沢間が延伸したことに伴って、金沢―倶利伽羅(くりから)間はIRいしかわ鉄道、倶利伽羅―市振(いちぶり)間はあいの風とやま鉄道、市振―直江津間はえちごトキめき鉄道へとほぼ各県ごとの第三セクターに移管された。 [青木栄一・青木 亮 2015年8月19日] 『南正時編著『JR全路線なるほど事典 鉄道を旅する』(2003・実業之日本社)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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