Threshold - Threshold

Japanese: 敷居 - しきい
Threshold - Threshold

A horizontal bar laid on the floor when dividing the inside and outside of a room with fittings. It is also used as a horizontal bar placed at the bottom of an opening such as a window. It can also be used for gates. For sliding doors, a rail is hammered into the top surface or a groove is carved to allow the fittings to slide sideways. In Japanese architecture, cypress, cedar, and hemlock are usually used, and the top surface that receives the fittings is usually made with the straight grain. Since the groove wears out, a hardwood about 6 mm thick may be sunk into the bottom of the groove. In the case of a single-sill sliding shutter, in addition to hardwood, a metal plate such as a brass plate about 2 mm thick may be placed at the bottom. For heavy doors, a board with many rollers called an abacus may be placed. The thickness of the sill is 4 to 5 cm, and its width should be adjusted to the inside of the pillar in areas with tatami mats. In the case of verandas, it should be adjusted to the width of the pillar. The top surface should be flush with the top surface of the tatami mats. The Shoumei, a wood division book from the early Edo period, stipulates that the thickness should be three pillar faces (3/10 of the pillar) and the width should be the same as the pillar. In recent years, with the spread of aluminum sashes, the number of metal thresholds has increased. There are various types of thresholds, such as the mume threshold (also called the nume threshold or mekura threshold) which has no groove, the naka threshold which is higher than the floor, the sashi threshold which has a back that is higher than a normal threshold and is inserted into the pillar, and the thin thin threshold used for transoms.

[Hirai Sei]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

建具によって部屋の内外を区画するとき、床面に敷く横木のこと。窓など開口部の下部に入れる横木もいう。門にも用いることがある。引き戸の場合には、建具を受け、横に滑らせるために、上面にレールを打つか溝を彫る。日本建築ではヒノキ、スギ、ツガなどを用い、建具を受ける上面に柾目(まさめ)をみせるのが普通である。溝が摩耗するので、溝の底に厚さ6ミリメートルほどの堅木を沈めることもある。引き通し雨戸の一筋敷居の場合には、堅木のほかに厚さ2ミリメートル程度の黄銅板などの金属板を底に入れることもある。重い戸の場合には、そろばんとよぶローラーがたくさんついた板を入れることがある。敷居の厚さは4~5センチメートルとし、幅は畳敷きのところでは柱の面内にあわせる。縁側などの場合には、柱幅にあわせる。上面は、畳敷きの場合には畳の上面にそろえる。江戸時代初期の木割書『匠明(しょうめい)』では、厚さは柱面三つ(柱の3/10)、幅は柱と同じと規定されている。近年はアルミサッシなどの普及により、金属の敷居も多くなった。敷居には、溝のない無目(むめ)敷居(滑(ぬめ)敷居、めくら敷居ともいう)、床より高い位置にある中敷居、普通の敷居より背があり柱に柄差しにした指(さし)敷居、欄間(らんま)などに用いる厚さの薄い薄敷居などがある。

[平井 聖]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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