Generating function

Japanese: 母関数 - ぼかんすう(英語表記)generating function
Generating function

For the sequence a 0 , a 1 , …, a n, function of t

is called the generating function. For example, (1+t) m is the binomial coefficient

Similarly, for an infinite sequence of numbers a n or a sequence of functions f n (x),

is called the generating function.

is called the exponential generating function of the sequence a n , and similarly, for sequences of functions.

Important generating functions for practical applications include:

B n and E n are Bernoulli numbers and Euler numbers, respectively, and P n (x) and J n (x) are Legendre polynomials and Bessel functions, respectively. If the generating function is known, it is possible to give an integral representation of a sequence of numbers or functions. For example, for a sequence of functions f n (x),

Here, the integral is a complex integral, and C is a sufficiently small circumference centered at the origin in the positive direction. In addition, the generating function can be used to easily find the relationship between sequences of numbers or functions. For example, the generating function for Bernoulli numbers is

So, by multiplying both sides by (n+1)! and comparing the coefficients of t n ,

The following relation is obtained.

[Yoshikazu Kobayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

数列a0,a1,……,anに対しtの関数

をその母関数という。たとえば(1+t)mは二項係数

の母関数である。同様に無限数列anや関数列fn(x)に対し、それぞれ

をその母関数という。また

を数列anの指数的母関数といい、関数列についても同様である。

 応用上重要な母関数としては、

などがある。Bn,Enはそれぞれベルヌーイ数、オイラー数であり、Pn(x),Jn(x)はそれぞれルジャンドルの多項式、ベッセル関数である。母関数が知られていれば、数列や関数列の積分表示を与えることができる。たとえば、関数列fn(x)について

が成り立つ。ここで積分は複素積分で、Cは原点を中心とする正の向きの十分小さな円周である。また、母関数を用いて数列や関数列の間の関係が簡明に求まることがある。たとえばベルヌーイ数について、その母関数から

だから、両辺に(n+1)!を掛けてtnの係数を比較することにより、

という関係式を得る。

[小林良和]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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