The rule of law

Japanese: 法の支配 - ほうのしはい
The rule of law

Non sub homine, sed sub lege (Latin) is a legal principle that "laws, not men, rule." In English law, it developed as a principle that the king should also be subject to the common law system. The words of the 13th century legal scholar Bracton, "The king is also under God and law," were quoted by Cook in the 17th century during his struggle with the monarchy. In the 19th century, Dicey praised the English legal system, which is based on common law, as a principle of the rule of law, as opposed to the continental law, which recognizes a public law system distinct from private law. However, in England, under the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, where it is said that "Parliament can do anything except turn men into women," the common law system of case law is also based on the laws of parliament. The system of unconstitutional legislation established by the United States Constitutional precedents places parliamentary legislation under the courts that apply the constitution. After World War II, Japan also adopted this American system and introduced the principle of the American style of "rule of law."

[Ryuichi Nagao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「人でなく法が支配する」Non sub homine,sed sub lege.(ラテン語)という法原則。イギリス法においては、国王もまたコモン・ローの判例法体系に服すべきであるという原則として発達した。13世紀の法学者ブラクトンの「国王もまた神と法のもとにたつ」ということばは、17世紀にクックによって、王権との抗争の際に引用された。19世紀にダイシーは、私法と区別された公法体系を認める大陸法に対し、すべてがコモン・ローのもとにたつイギリス法の体系を、法の支配の原理として賛美した。しかしイギリスにおいては、「議会は男を女に変える以外のことはなんでもできる」といわれる議会主権主義で、コモン・ローの判例法体系も、議会の法律の下にたっている。議会の立法を、憲法を適用する裁判所の下に置いたのが、アメリカ合衆国憲法判例によって確立された違憲立法審査制度である。第二次世界大戦後日本も、このアメリカの制度を採用して、アメリカ流「法の支配」の原則を導入した。

[長尾龍一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  The spirit of the laws (English: The spirit of the laws)

>>:  Lack of Law

Recommend

Public meeting (English: public meeting)

In general, it refers to a public meeting with uns...

Catenation

…Carbon has a medium electronegativity of 2.5, an...

Azuma Daikoku Umbrella

…During the Kyowa period (1801-04), Daikokuya umb...

Fujiwara no Arihira - Fujiwara no Arihira

Year of death: Tenroku 1.10.10 (970.11.11) Year of...

Dew - Dew

On clear nights, especially in the early morning,...

Rare metal

...These metals, including steel, aluminum, coppe...

Divorce - Riko

The dissolution of a socially valid marriage duri...

Gentile - Giovanni Gentile

Italian philosopher. Born in Castelvetrano, Sicil...

Parmenion (English spelling)

[Born] Around 400 B.C. [Died] 330 BC. Ecbatana. An...

Bulbophyllum drymoglossum Maxim.ex Okubo

A small orchid plant that grows on rock walls and ...

Du Fay, CFde (English spelling) DuFayCFde

…This was an important discovery that not only di...

self-domestication

...other common changes include a decrease in bra...

Space medicine - Uchuuigaku (English spelling) space medicine

Space medicine is an academic field that studies ...

ITU - Internet University

International Telecommunication Union. A specializ...

Donation of Constantine - Donatio Constantini

This document is said to be the greatest forgery o...