Houtouju - Houtouju

A Chinese scholar and writer of classical Chinese literature in the late Qing dynasty. His pen name was Zhizhi, and in his later years he went by the pen name Yiwei Lao. He was from Tongcheng County, Anhui Province. He grew up in the heyday of Sinology (the study of exegesis and verification), but he was taught Song learning (the study of character and reason = Neo-Confucianism) by his father, which was the family school, and he also studied Tongcheng school classical Chinese under Yao Da. At the age of 50, he visited Canton and became a subordinate of Ruan Yuan. There, he met Jiang Fan (1756-1831, author of "The Records of the Sinologist of the State of the State"), and wrote "Sinology Commercial Dui" (four volumes each) and "Shulin Yangji" (the Book of the Sinologist), as well as "Daiyi Zunwen" (three volumes). In these works, he fiercely criticized the non-political nature of Sinology and asserted the superiority of Song learning in terms of practical use and governance. Later, he appealed to the governors of both Guangdong and Guangxi to strongly urge them to ban the import of opium. In his later years, he wrote the 21-volume "Zhaomai Zhanyan", an interesting book of poetry commentary by a scholar of classical literature. His complete works have been published many times under the titles "Yiweixuan Complete Works", "Kaoban Complete Works", "Fang Zhizhi Complete Works", etc.

[Miyauchi Tamotsu March 18, 2016]

``Qing History Manuscript Volume 486'' ▽ ``Tongcheng School Kobun Yuan Genko Volume 8'' ▽ ``700 Masters of the Qing Dynasty, Volume 7'' ▽ ``Separate Collection of Qing People's Literature Volume 13'' ▽ ` `Yiwei Master Chronology'' edited by Zheng Fuzhao

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代後期の古文家、学者。字(あざな)は植之(しょくし)、晩年の号を儀衛老人といった。安徽(あんき)省桐城(とうじょう)県の人。彼が生い立った時代は漢学（訓詁(くんこ)・考証の学）の全盛期であったが、家学としての宋(そう)学（性理の学＝朱子学）を父から伝授され、また姚鼐(ようだい)について桐城派古文を学んだ。50歳のころ広東(カントン)に遊んで阮元(げんげん)の幕下に入り、江藩(こうはん)（1756―1831、『国朝漢学師承記』の著者）と巡り会ったことから、『漢学商兌(しょうだ)』『書林揚觶(ようし)』各4巻、『大意存聞』3巻などを著して、漢学の非政治性を激しく論難し、経世致用のうえから宋学の優位性を主張した。のち、両広総督に提訴してアヘンの禁輸を強く迫ったりもした。晩年の著に『昭昧詹言(しょうまいせんげん)』21巻があり、古文家による詩論として興味ある書といえよう。『儀衛軒全集』『考槃(こうはん)全集』『方植之全集』などと題して、その全集は繰り返し出版されている。

［宮内　保　2016年3月18日］

『『清史稿　486巻』』▽『『桐城派古文淵源考　八巻』』▽『『清代七百名人伝　七編』』▽『『清人文集別録　13巻』』▽『鄭福昭編『儀衛先生年譜』』

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