Discharge tube

Japanese: 放電管 - ほうでんかん
Discharge tube

An electron tube that utilizes the discharge phenomenon in low-pressure gas or vapor. Most of those with hot cathodes use arc discharge, while those with cold cathodes use glow discharge. Cold cathode vacuum discharge tubes are also called Crookes tubes, and played an important role as early cathode ray tubes and X-ray tubes. The Geissler tube used to check the vacuum level is also a cold cathode vacuum discharge tube. Discharge tubes have been used in various ways, such as mercury vapor rectifiers, thyratrons, corona discharge tubes to obtain constant voltage, constant voltage discharge tubes filled with low-pressure gas, decatrons (counting discharge tubes), and relay tubes, but they have problems with life stability and have been replaced by semiconductor elements. However, they are also widely used in radar switching tubes that utilize noise associated with discharge, discharge tubes for generating noise, flash discharge tubes that utilize luminescence, strobe discharge tubes, neon lamps, and glow starters for fluorescent lamps. Plasma displays are arrays of fine discharge tubes that utilize glow discharge.

[Michinori Iwata]

[Reference item] | Glow starter
Structure and principle of glow starter
©Shogakukan ">

Structure and principle of glow starter

Neon tube structure
©Shogakukan ">

Neon tube structure


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

低圧ガスとか蒸気内の放電現象を利用した電子管。熱陰極を用いたものはアーク放電を、冷陰極を用いたものはグロー放電を利用したものが多い。冷陰極の真空放電管はクルックス管ともよばれ、初期の陰極線管、X線管として重要な役割を果たした。真空度チェック用のガイスラー管も冷陰極真空放電管である。放電管は、水銀蒸気を用いた水銀整流器、サイラトロン、定電圧を得るためのコロナ放電管、低圧ガスを封入した定電圧放電管、デカトロン(計数放電管)、リレー管など種々利用されたが、寿命安定性の点で難点があり、半導体素子に置き換えられている。しかし、放電に伴う雑音を利用したレーダーの切替え管、雑音発生用の放電管、発光現象を利用した閃光(せんこう)放電管などのほか、ストロボ放電管、ネオンランプ、蛍光灯の点灯管としてのグロースターターなどにも広く利用されている。プラズマディスプレーはグロー放電を利用した微細放電管を配列したものである。

[岩田倫典]

[参照項目] | グロースターター
グロースターターの構造と原理
©Shogakukan">

グロースターターの構造と原理

ネオン管の構造
©Shogakukan">

ネオン管の構造


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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