Peron, Eva

Japanese: ペロン（英語表記）Perón, Eva

Born: May 7, 1919 in Los Toldos
[Died] July 26, 1952. Buenos Aires. Second wife of Argentine President Juan D. Perón. Full name Eva Duarte de Perón. Commonly known as Evita. After a period as an unknown actress, she married Perón in 1945. When her husband ran for president in 1945-46, she affectionately called the working class "descamisados" (Spanish for "shirtless people"), which gained her immense popularity and helped him win the election. After her husband became president, she wielded ministerial-level power in the welfare and labor field, although she did not hold any government position. She implemented a large wage increase for workers, winning the support of the working class for the Perón administration, but she also ended government subsidies to old charitable organizations and established the Eva Perón Foundation, which caused resentment among the upper class. The Foundation was run with financial resources such as voluntary donations from labor unions and companies, revenues from the national lottery, and state funds, and built numerous charitable facilities such as hospitals, schools, orphanages, and nursing homes. She was also instrumental in realizing women's suffrage, and in 1949 she founded the Women's Section of the Justicial Party. In 1951, despite being diagnosed with cancer, she was nominated for vice president, but she declined due to opposition from the military. After her death, support for the Perón government waned, and her body was stolen by rival forces, so her political influence was enormous.

Peron
Perón, Juan Domingo

Born: October 8, 1895, Buenos Aires
[Died] July 1, 1974. Buenos Aires. Argentine military officer and politician. In June 1943, he played an important role as an army colonel in the coup that overthrew the R. Castillo government, and entered politics. After serving as Secretary of the Ministry of Labor and Welfare, he became Vice President and Minister of War in 1945. In 1946, he became President. He adopted anti-American and nationalistic policies, and with the support of the army, police, labor unions, and the Peronist Party, he carried out dictatorial politics under the slogan of realizing social justice, nationalized industry, banks, and railways, and revised the constitution. He was re-elected in 1951, but was expelled in a military coup in September 1955 due to dissatisfaction with the suppression of freedom of speech and anti-Catholic policies, and went into exile in Spain. He continued to influence Argentine politics through his many supporters, but in November 1972, at the request of the Peronists, he returned to Argentina for the first time in 17 years. He was elected President in September 1973, but died of illness halfway through his term.

Peron
Perón, María Estela (Isabel) Martínez de

Born February 4, 1931. La Rioja Argentine politician. Originally a dancer. In 1956, she became secretary to former president JD Peron, who was in exile in Panama, and in 1961, she married Peron in Spain and became his third wife. In 1973, she became vice president of her husband Peron, who returned to Argentine politics as president, and when Peron died of illness in July 1974, she succeeded him as the world's first female president. However, she was unable to prevent the deterioration of security in the country and the worsening economic crisis, and was ousted in a military coup in March 1976. After five years of house arrest, she went into exile in Spain. She did not participate in party affairs even when civilian rule was restored in 1983.

Peron
Perron, Charles Edgar du

Born: November 2, 1899. Java, Cornelius Maester
[Died] May 14, 1940. Bergen, North Holland. Dutch novelist, essayist and critic. In 1932, together with M. Braque, he founded the literary magazine Forum. His major works include his autobiography Het land van herkomst (1935), a collection of poems Parlando (41), and an essay The Smalle mens (34).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1919.5.7. ロストルドス
[没]1952.7.26. ブエノスアイレス
アルゼンチンのフアン・D.ペロン大統領の 2番目の妻。フルネーム Eva Duarte de Perón。通称エビータ。無名の女優時代を経て 1945年ペロンと結婚。1945～46年，夫が大統領選挙に出馬すると，労働者階級を親しみをこめて「デスカミサドス」（スペイン語で「シャツを着ない人々」の意）と呼んで絶大な人気を集め，当選に協力した。夫の大統領就任後は，官職にはつかなかったものの，福祉労働分野で閣僚なみの権力をふるった。労働者の大幅な賃上げを実施して労働階級層のペロン政権への支持をとりつけた一方，旧来の慈善団体に対する政府助成金を打ち切って新たにエバ・ペロン財団を設立し，上流階級層の反感を買った。財団は労働組合や企業の自発的とされる献金や国営宝くじの収益金，国庫資金といった財源をもとに運営され，数々の病院，学校，孤児院，養老院などの慈善施設を建設した。女性参政権を実現させた功績者でもあり，1949年には正義党婦人部門を結成。1951年，癌の発病にもかかわらず副大統領に指名されたが，軍の反発により辞退。死後ペロン政権への支持は衰え，敵対陣営によって遺体が盗まれるなど，政治的影響力は多大であった。

ペロン
Perón， Juan Domingo

[生]1895.10.8. ブエノスアイレス
[没]1974.7.1. ブエノスアイレス
アルゼンチンの軍人，政治家。 1943年6月 R.カスティジョ政権打倒のクーデターで陸軍大佐として重要な役割を果し，政界に進出。労働・福祉省長官を経て，45年副大統領兼陸相。 46年大統領。反米，国家主義的な政策をとり，陸軍，警察，労働組合，ペロン党を背景に社会正義の実現をスローガンとした独裁的政治を行い，工業，銀行，鉄道の国有化をはかり，憲法を改正。 51年に再選されたが，55年9月言論弾圧や反カトリック政策などへの不満による軍のクーデターにより追放され，スペインに亡命。その後も多くの支持者を通してアルゼンチンの政治に影響を与えていたが，72年 11月ペロン派の要望により 17年ぶりに帰国。 73年9月大統領に選出されたが任期なかばで病死した。

ペロン
Perón， María Estela (Isabel) Martínez de

[生]1931.2.4. ラリオハ
アルゼンチンの政治家。踊り子出身。 1956年パナマに亡命中の元大統領 J. D.ペロンの秘書となり，1961年にスペインでペロンと結婚し3番目の夫人となった。 1973年大統領としてアルゼンチンの政界に復帰した夫ペロンの副大統領となり，1974年7月にペロンが病死すると，世界最初の女性大統領として跡を継いだ。しかし国内の治安の悪化や深刻化する経済危機を防ぎきれず，1976年3月軍部のクーデターにより失脚。5年間の自宅監禁ののちスペインへ亡命。 1983年の民政復帰の際も党務に関与しなかった。

ペロン
Perron， Charles Edgar du

[生]1899.11.2. ジャワ，メースターコルネーリス
[没]1940.5.14. ノルトホラント，ベルヘン
オランダの小説家，随筆家，評論家。 1932年 M.ブラークとともに文芸誌『フォールム』 Forumを創刊した。主著，自叙伝『生れた国』 Het land van herkomst (1935) ，詩集『パルランド』 Parlando (41) ，随筆『偏狭な人間』 De Smalle mens (34) 。

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