Bernini was a leading architect and sculptor of Italian Baroque. He was also a painter, playwright, and stage designer. Born in Naples to a sculptor father, he soon moved to Rome, where his genius was recognized early on. In 1629, he became the architect of the Papal Palace, and was highly valued by successive popes, including Urban VIII, who said, "Bernini needs Rome, and Rome needs Bernini," and he decorated the whole of Rome with his own works. Bernini's works include the magnificent colonnade in the square in front of St. Peter's Basilica (1656-67), Scala Regia (1628-36), which creates an illusion with its strong perspective effect, the cast iron statues on Sant'Angelo Bridge, and the fountain sculptures in Piazza Navona. Other architectural works include several small churches, the foyer and staircase of Palazzo Barberini (1628-38), and Palazzo Chigi Odellcalchi (1664), which became a masterpiece of Baroque and has been imitated many times. His style is simple and harmonious, while making use of curves to create a bold composition. His sculptures, on the other hand, capture dramatic moments with vivid depictions. There are many masterpieces, such as the Ecstasy of St. Teresa in Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome, the Albertina Blessed in San Francesco a Ripa in Rome, and the Portrait of Constanza Bonarelli (1635) in the Bargello Museum. After hearing of his fame, Louis XIV invited him to Paris in 1665 to have a bust made and to design the east facade of the Louvre, but this was not adopted. [Wataru Suenaga] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア・バロックを代表する建築家、彫刻家。また画家、劇作家、舞台装置家でもあった。彫刻家を父にナポリで生まれたが、すぐローマに移り、早くから天才を認められた。1629年教皇庁の建築家となり、「ベルニーニはローマを必要とし、ローマはベルニーニを必要とする」ということばを残したウルバヌス8世をはじめ、歴代教皇に重用されてローマ全体を自らの作品で飾ることになる。サン・ピエトロ大聖堂前面広場の壮大な列柱廊(1656~67)、強い透視画的効果によって幻覚を与えるスカラ・レジア(1628~36)、サンタンジェロ橋上などの塑像群、ナボーナ広場などの噴水彫刻はすべてベルニーニの作品である。このほか建築作品にはいくつかの小教会、パラッツォ・バルベリーニの玄関と大階段(1628~38)、バロック宮殿の代表作となってたびたび模倣されることになるパラッツォ・キジ・オデルカルキ(1664起工)などがあり、曲線を生かした大胆な構成ながら簡潔で調和のとれた作風を示している。一方、彫刻では劇的一瞬が生々しいまでの描写で把握される。ローマのサンタ・マリア・デッラ・ビットーリア教会の『聖テレジアの法悦』、同サン・フランチェスコ・ア・リパ教会の『至福者アルベルティーナ』、バルジェッロ美術館の『コンスタンツァ・ボナレッリの肖像』(1635)など傑作は数多い。また、名声を伝え聞いたルイ14世は65年ベルニーニをパリに招き、胸像を制作させたうえ、ルーブル宮東正面の設計を命じるが、これは採用されずに終わった。 [末永 航] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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